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Showing entries (1861 – 1880 of 2020)

yftverbtransitive19/08/2026

ift

NPST.1S yfe PST.1S yvei PRESPART yfivú PSPART yvúl

to whiff, to sniff, to smell

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yft ift
connegative	yfta ˈifta
supine	yftúr ˈiftuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yfiș ˈifiʃ
adverbial	yfivú ˈifivuː
past	adjectival	yvúș ˈivuːʃ
adverbial	yvúl ˈivuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yfa ˈifa	yfúș ˈifuːʃ		yfuoș ˈifuoʃ		yfovú ˈifɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yfe ˈifɛ	yfș ifʃ	yf if	yfuos ˈifuos	yfuote iˈfuotɛ	yfú ˈifuː
past	yvei ˈivei	yven ˈivɛn	yveș ˈivɛʃ	yve ˈivɛ	yvuos ˈivuos	yvuote iˈvuotɛ	yvú ˈivuː
subjunctive	non-past	yfai ˈifai	yfá ˈifaː	yfaș ˈifaʃ	yfa ˈifa	yfavuos ˈifavuos	yfavuote ˈifavuotɛ	yfavú ˈifavuː
past	yvai ˈivai	yvain ˈivain	yvaiș ˈivaiʃ	yvai ˈivai	yvavuos ˈivavuos	yvavuote ˈivavuotɛ	yvavú ˈivavuː
optative	non-past	yfúe iˈfuːɛ	yfova ˈifɔva	yfúș ˈifuːʃ	yfú ˈifuː	yfovuos ˈifɔvuos	yfovuote ˈifɔvuotɛ	yfovú ˈifɔvuː
past	yvevei ˈivɛvei	yveven ˈivɛvɛn	yveveș ˈivɛvɛʃ	yveve ˈivɛvɛ	yvevuos ˈivɛvuos	yvevuote ˈivɛvuotɛ	yvevú ˈivɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yfriè ˈifri.ɛ	yfrin ˈifrin	yfriș ˈifriʃ	yfri ˈifri	yfúris iˈfuːris	yfúrite iˈfuːritɛ	yfúri iˈfuːri
past	yveriè iˈvɛri.ɛ	yverin ˈivɛrin	yveriș ˈivɛriʃ	yveri ˈivɛri	yvúris iˈvuːris	yvúrite iˈvuːritɛ	yvúri iˈvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	yfariè iˈfari.ɛ	yfarin ˈifarin	yfariș ˈifariʃ	yfari ˈifari	yfavúris ˈifavuːris	yfavúrite ˈifavuːritɛ	yfavúri ˈifavuːri
past	yvairiè iˈvairi.ɛ	yvairin iˈvairin	yvairiș iˈvairiʃ	yvairi iˈvairi	yvavúris ˈivavuːris	yvavúrite ˈivavuːritɛ	yvavúri ˈivavuːri
optative	non-past	yfúriè iˈfuːri.ɛ	yfúrin iˈfuːrin	yfúriș iˈfuːriʃ	yfúri iˈfuːri	yfovúris ˈifɔvuːris	yfovúrite ˈifɔvuːritɛ	yfovúri ˈifɔvuːri
past	yveveriè iˈvɛvɛri.ɛ	yveverin iˈvɛvɛrin	yveveriș iˈvɛvɛriʃ	yveveri iˈvɛvɛri	yvevúris ˈivɛvuːris	yvevúrite ˈivɛvuːritɛ	yvevúri ˈivɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yfruot ˈifruot
connegative	yfruota ifˈruota
supine	yfruotúr ifˈruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yfruviș ˈifruviʃ
adverbial	yfruvivú ifˈruvivuː
past	adjectival	yvuokș iˈvuokʃ
adverbial	yvúk ˈivuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yfrúa ifˈruːa	yfruvúș ˈifruvuːʃ		yfruvuoș ˈifruvuoʃ		yfruvovú ifˈruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yfrúe ifˈruːɛ	yfruva ˈifruva	yfrúș ˈifruːʃ	yfrú ˈifruː	yfruvuos ˈifruvuos	yfruvuote ˈifruvuotɛ	yfruvú ˈifruvuː
past	yfruvei ˈifruvei	yfruven ˈifruvɛn	yfruveș ˈifruvɛʃ	yfruve ˈifruvɛ
subjunctive	non-past	yfruvai ˈifruvai	yfruvá ˈifruvaː	yfruvaș ˈifruvaʃ	yfruva ˈifruva	yfruvavuos ifˈruvavuos	yfruvavuote ifˈruvavuotɛ	yfruvavú ifˈruvavuː
past	yfruvain ˈifruvain	yfruvaiș ˈifruvaiʃ	yfruvai ˈifruvai
optative	non-past	yfruvúe ˈifruvuːɛ	yfruvova ifˈruvɔva	yfruvúș ˈifruvuːʃ	yfruvú ˈifruvuː	yfruvovuos ifˈruvɔvuos	yfruvovuote ifˈruvɔvuotɛ	yfruvovú ifˈruvɔvuː
past	yfruvevei ifˈruvɛvei	yfruveven ifˈruvɛvɛn	yfruveveș ifˈruvɛvɛʃ	yfruveve ifˈruvɛvɛ	yfruvevuos ifˈruvɛvuos	yfruvevuote ifˈruvɛvuotɛ	yfruvevú ifˈruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yfrúriè ifˈruːri.ɛ	yfrúrin ifˈruːrin	yfrúriș ifˈruːriʃ	yfrúri ifˈruːri	yfruvúris ˈifruvuːris	yfruvúrite ˈifruvuːritɛ	yfruvúri ˈifruvuːri
past	yfruveriè ifˈruvɛri.ɛ	yfruverin ifˈruvɛrin	yfruveriș ifˈruvɛriʃ	yfruveri ifˈruvɛri
subjunctive	non-past	yfruvariè ifˈruvari.ɛ	yfruvarin ifˈruvarin	yfruvariș ifˈruvariʃ	yfruvari ifˈruvari	yfruvavúris ifˈruvavuːris	yfruvavúrite ifˈruvavuːritɛ	yfruvavúri ifˈruvavuːri
past	yfruvairiè ˈifruvairi.ɛ	yfruvairin ˈifruvairin	yfruvairiș ˈifruvairiʃ	yfruvairi ˈifruvairi
optative	non-past	yfruvúriè ˈifruvuːri.ɛ	yfruvúrin ˈifruvuːrin	yfruvúriș ˈifruvuːriʃ	yfruvúri ˈifruvuːri	yfruvovúris ifˈruvɔvuːris	yfruvovúrite ifˈruvɔvuːritɛ	yfruvovúri ifˈruvɔvuːri
past	yfruveveriè ifˈruvɛvɛri.ɛ	yfruveverin ifˈruvɛvɛrin	yfruveveriș ifˈruvɛvɛriʃ	yfruveveri ifˈruvɛvɛri	yfruvevúris ifˈruvɛvuːris	yfruvevúrite ifˈruvɛvuːritɛ	yfruvevúri ifˈruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian yft, from Old Radestrian yftt, from Proto-Radic *wifht, from Proto-Hirdic *wiph-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *wipʰ- (to smell).

ykanouninanimateuncountable19/08/2026

ˈika

GEN.SG ykisk ADJ ykiș

embarrassment, awkwardness

	singular
nominative	yka ˈika
vocative	ykese ˈikɛsɛ
genitive	ykisk ˈikisk
dative	yken ˈikɛn
accusative	ykest ˈikɛst
instrumental	ykevúr ˈikɛvuːr

From Middle Radestrian gjivkra, from Old Radestrian ǧivkra, from Proto-Radic *ǧibkhwer, from Proto-Hirdic *ghibkkhwés, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱi-m̥bk-k(ʰ)wé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵐbik- (to damage, to harm).

ynpreposition19/08/2026

1.+ dative spatial denotes position on a vertical or inferior surface; on, at

2.+ accusative

1.spatial denotes approach to a vertical or inferior surface; onto, to

2.spatial temporal to, until, up to

3.temporal by, for (a deadline)

+ a	+ a’	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
yn a in a	yn a’ in a	yn ag in aɡ	yn ai in ai	yn i in i	yn u in u

case	personal
SG	PL	REFL	RECP
1	2	3	1	2	3
ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL	ANIM	INAN
ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
dative	venyn ˈvɛnin	ranyn ˈranin	vânyn ˈvɤnin	vanyn ˈvanin	dzmenyn ˈdzmɛnin	dzanyn ˈdzanin	sjányn ˈʃaːnin	vjenyn ˈvjɛnin	vainyn ˈvainin	dzinyn ˈdzinin	dzjenyn ˈdʒɛnin
accusative	vestyn ˈvɛstin	rastyn ˈrastin	vâstyn ˈvɤstin	vastyn ˈvastin	dzmedyn ˈdzmɛdin	dzadyn ˈdzadin	sjádyn ˈʃaːdin	vjedyn ˈvjɛdin	vaidyn ˈvaidin	dzistyn ˈdzistin	dzjedyn ˈdʒɛdin
case	number	interrogative- existential	demonstrative	quantifier
ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite	general indefinite	collective
ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
dative	SG	bjáyn ˈbjaːin	binyn ˈbinin	kayn ˈka.in	okayn ˈɔka.in	báyn ˈbaːin	bunyn ˈbunin	bjáyn-á ˈbjaːinaː	binyn-á ˈbininaː	váyn ˈvaːin	uvayn ˈuva.in
PL	bjainyn ˈbjainin	bjenyn ˈbjɛnin	tenyn ˈtɛnin	otenyn ˈɔtɛnin	baunyn ˈbaunin	bønyn ˈbœnin	bjainyn-á ˈbjaininaː	bjenyn-á ˈbjɛninaː
accusative	SG	bjástyn ˈbjaːstin	bistyn ˈbistin	kadyn ˈkadin	okadyn ˈɔkadin	byestyn ˈbiestin	bustyn ˈbɤstin	bjástyn-á ˈbjaːstinaː	bistyn-á ˈbistinaː	vaostyn ˈvɔːstin	utadyn ˈutadin
PL	bjaidyn ˈbjaidin	bjedyn ˈbjɛdin	tedyn ˈtɛdin	otedyn ˈɔtɛdin	baudyn ˈbaudin	bødyn ˈbœdin	bjaidyn-á ˈbjaidinaː	bjedyn-á ˈbjɛdinaː

From earlier jýn, from Middle Radestrian jǿn, from Old Radestrian jø̄n, from Proto-Radic *jęn, from Proto-Hirdic *jø̄n, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟæwn (at).

ynșadverbuncomparable19/08/2026

inʃ

a bit, a little, kind of, sort of

From earlier jýnș, compare the development of the related yn, from Middle Radestrian jǿnș, from Old Radestrian jø̄nš, from Proto-Radic *jęnš, from Proto-Hirdic *jø̄́nhɯj, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟæwn-hɯɟ, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ɟæwn- (at, near).

yrjeltverbintransitive20/08/2026

ˈirjɛlt

NPST.1S yrjelge PST.1S yrílei PRESPART yrjelivú PSPART yrívúl

to spin, to turn, to rotate

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yrjelt ˈirjɛlt
connegative	yrjelta iˈrjɛlta
supine	yrjeltúr iˈrjɛltuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yrjeliș ˈirjɛliʃ
adverbial	yrjelivú iˈrjɛlivuː
past	adjectival	yrívúș iˈriːvuːʃ
adverbial	yrívúl iˈriːvuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yrjelga iˈrjɛlɡa	yrjelgúș iˈrjɛlɡuːʃ		yrjelguoș iˈrjɛlɡuoʃ		yrjelgovú iˈrjɛlɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yrjelge iˈrjɛlɡɛ	yrjelș ˈirjɛlʃ	yrjelg ˈirjɛlɡ	yrjelguos iˈrjɛlɡuos	yrjelguote iˈrjɛlɡuotɛ	yrjelgú iˈrjɛlɡuː
past	yrílei iˈriːlei	yrílen iˈriːlɛn	yríleș iˈriːlɛʃ	yríle iˈriːlɛ	yríluos iˈriːluos	yríluote iˈriːluotɛ	yrílú iˈriːluː
subjunctive	non-past	yrjelgai iˈrjɛlɡai	yrjelgá iˈrjɛlɡaː	yrjelgaș iˈrjɛlɡaʃ	yrjelga iˈrjɛlɡa	yrjelgavuos iˈrjɛlɡavuos	yrjelgavuote iˈrjɛlɡavuotɛ	yrjelgavú iˈrjɛlɡavuː
past	yrílai iˈriːlai	yrílain iˈriːlain	yrílaiș iˈriːlaiʃ	yrílai iˈriːlai	yrílavuos iˈriːlavuos	yrílavuote iˈriːlavuotɛ	yrílavú iˈriːlavuː
optative	non-past	yrjelgúe iˈrjɛlɡuːɛ	yrjelgova iˈrjɛlɡɔva	yrjelgúș iˈrjɛlɡuːʃ	yrjelgú iˈrjɛlɡuː	yrjelgovuos iˈrjɛlɡɔvuos	yrjelgovuote iˈrjɛlɡɔvuotɛ	yrjelgovú iˈrjɛlɡɔvuː
past	yrílevei iˈriːlɛvei	yríleven iˈriːlɛvɛn	yríleveș iˈriːlɛvɛʃ	yríleve iˈriːlɛvɛ	yrílevuos iˈriːlɛvuos	yrílevuote iˈriːlɛvuotɛ	yrílevú iˈriːlɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yrjelgriè, yrjeldriè (literary) iˈrjɛlɡri.ɛ iˈrjɛldri.ɛ	yrjelgrin, yrjeldrin (literary) iˈrjɛlɡrin iˈrjɛldrin	yrjelgriș, yrjeldriș (literary) iˈrjɛlɡriʃ iˈrjɛldriʃ	yrjelgri, yrjeldri (literary) iˈrjɛlɡri iˈrjɛldri	yrjelgúris iˈrjɛlɡuːris	yrjelgúrite iˈrjɛlɡuːritɛ	yrjelgúri iˈrjɛlɡuːri
past	yríleriè iˈriːlɛri.ɛ	yrílerin iˈriːlɛrin	yríleriș iˈriːlɛriʃ	yríleri iˈriːlɛri	yrílúris iˈriːluːris	yrílúrite iˈriːluːritɛ	yrílúri iˈriːluːri
subjunctive	non-past	yrjelgariè iˈrjɛlɡari.ɛ	yrjelgarin iˈrjɛlɡarin	yrjelgariș iˈrjɛlɡariʃ	yrjelgari iˈrjɛlɡari	yrjelgavúris iˈrjɛlɡavuːris	yrjelgavúrite iˈrjɛlɡavuːritɛ	yrjelgavúri iˈrjɛlɡavuːri
past	yrílairiè iˈriːlairi.ɛ	yrílairin iˈriːlairin	yrílairiș iˈriːlairiʃ	yrílairi iˈriːlairi	yrílavúris iˈriːlavuːris	yrílavúrite iˈriːlavuːritɛ	yrílavúri iˈriːlavuːri
optative	non-past	yrjelgúriè iˈrjɛlɡuːri.ɛ	yrjelgúrin iˈrjɛlɡuːrin	yrjelgúriș iˈrjɛlɡuːriʃ	yrjelgúri iˈrjɛlɡuːri	yrjelgovúris iˈrjɛlɡɔvuːris	yrjelgovúrite iˈrjɛlɡɔvuːritɛ	yrjelgovúri iˈrjɛlɡɔvuːri
past	yríleveriè iˈriːlɛvɛri.ɛ	yríleverin iˈriːlɛvɛrin	yríleveriș iˈriːlɛvɛriʃ	yríleveri iˈriːlɛvɛri	yrílevúris iˈriːlɛvuːris	yrílevúrite iˈriːlɛvuːritɛ	yrílevúri iˈriːlɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian gyrílt, from Old Radestrian ŋyrīltt, from Proto-Radic *ŋyrīlht, from Proto-Hirdic *ŋýrīl-, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋy<ryp>l-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn). Sporadic loss of g-.

yrjesnounanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈirjɛs

GEN.SG yrjeg NOM.PL yrjei ADJ yrỉș

kinship niece’s spouse; nephew-in-law, niece-in-law

Coordinate term: gleðjes

	singular	plural
nominative	yrjes ˈirjɛs	yrjei ˈirjei
vocative	yrjese ˈirjɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	yrjeg ˈirjɛɡ	yrỉris iˈriːːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	yrỉs ˈiriːːs
dative	yríva iˈriːva	yrỉrín iˈriːːriːn
accusative	yrjed ˈirjɛd	yrỉrid iˈriːːrid
instrumental	yrívúr iˈriːvuːr	yrỉríe iˈriːːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian jyréss, from Old Radestrian jyrējre, from Proto-Radic *jwirējir, from Proto-Hirdic *jwiḏéḡiṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟwid-ég-et-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ɟwɯd- (younger female relative).

yrsnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

irs

GEN.SG yru NOM.PL yre ADJ yriș

bait

	singular	plural
nominative	yrs irs	yre ˈirɛ
vocative	yrse ˈirsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	yru ˈiru	yriris ˈiriris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	yris ˈiris
dative	yra ˈira	yrirín ˈiririːn
accusative	yrd ird	yririd ˈiririd
instrumental	yrúr ˈiruːr	yriríe ˈiririːɛ

From Middle Radestrian yrs, from Old Radestrian yrre, from Proto-Radic *yrir, from Proto-Hirdic *ýsis, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ʔys- (to trap).

yștverbtransitiveorauxiliary20/08/2026

iʃt

NPST.1S yșe PST.1S yșei PRESPART yșevú PSPART yșúl

to plan, to intend

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yșt iʃt
connegative	yșta ˈiʃta
supine	yștúr ˈiʃtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yșeș ˈiʃɛʃ
adverbial	yșevú ˈiʃɛvuː
past	adjectival	yșúș ˈiʃuːʃ
adverbial	yșúl ˈiʃuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yșa ˈiʃa	yșúș ˈiʃuːʃ		yșuoș ˈiʃuoʃ		yșovú ˈiʃɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yșe ˈiʃɛ	yș iʃ	yșuos ˈiʃuos	yșuote iˈʃuotɛ	yșú ˈiʃuː
past	yșei ˈiʃei	yșen ˈiʃɛn	yșeș ˈiʃɛʃ	yșe ˈiʃɛ
subjunctive	non-past	yșai ˈiʃai	yșá ˈiʃaː	yșaș ˈiʃaʃ	yșa ˈiʃa	yșavuos ˈiʃavuos	yșavuote ˈiʃavuotɛ	yșavú ˈiʃavuː
past	yșain ˈiʃain	yșaiș ˈiʃaiʃ	yșai ˈiʃai
optative	non-past	yșúe iˈʃuːɛ	yșova ˈiʃɔva	yșúș ˈiʃuːʃ	yșú ˈiʃuː	yșovuos ˈiʃɔvuos	yșovuote ˈiʃɔvuotɛ	yșovú ˈiʃɔvuː
past	yșevei ˈiʃɛvei	yșeven ˈiʃɛvɛn	yșeveș ˈiʃɛvɛʃ	yșeve ˈiʃɛvɛ	yșevuos ˈiʃɛvuos	yșevuote ˈiʃɛvuotɛ	yșevú ˈiʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yștriè ˈiʃtri.ɛ	yștrin ˈiʃtrin	yștriș ˈiʃtriʃ	yștri ˈiʃtri	yșúris iˈʃuːris	yșúrite iˈʃuːritɛ	yșúri iˈʃuːri
past	yșeriè iˈʃɛri.ɛ	yșerin ˈiʃɛrin	yșeriș ˈiʃɛriʃ	yșeri ˈiʃɛri
subjunctive	non-past	yșariè iˈʃari.ɛ	yșarin ˈiʃarin	yșariș ˈiʃariʃ	yșari ˈiʃari	yșavúris ˈiʃavuːris	yșavúrite ˈiʃavuːritɛ	yșavúri ˈiʃavuːri
past	yșairiè iˈʃairi.ɛ	yșairin iˈʃairin	yșairiș iˈʃairiʃ	yșairi iˈʃairi
optative	non-past	yșúriè iˈʃuːri.ɛ	yșúrin iˈʃuːrin	yșúriș iˈʃuːriʃ	yșúri iˈʃuːri	yșovúris ˈiʃɔvuːris	yșovúrite ˈiʃɔvuːritɛ	yșovúri ˈiʃɔvuːri
past	yșeveriè iˈʃɛvɛri.ɛ	yșeverin iˈʃɛvɛrin	yșeveriș iˈʃɛvɛriʃ	yșeveri iˈʃɛvɛri	yșevúris ˈiʃɛvuːris	yșevúrite ˈiʃɛvuːritɛ	yșevúri ˈiʃɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yștruot ˈiʃtruot
connegative	yștruota iʃˈtruota
supine	yștruotúr iʃˈtruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yștruviș ˈiʃtruviʃ
adverbial	yștruvivú iʃˈtruvivuː
past	adjectival	yșuokș iˈʃuokʃ
adverbial	yșúk ˈiʃuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yștrúa iʃˈtruːa	yștruvúș ˈiʃtruvuːʃ		yștruvuoș ˈiʃtruvuoʃ		yștruvovú iʃˈtruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yștrúe iʃˈtruːɛ	yștruva ˈiʃtruva	yștrúș ˈiʃtruːʃ	yștrú ˈiʃtruː	yștruvuos ˈiʃtruvuos	yștruvuote ˈiʃtruvuotɛ	yștruvú ˈiʃtruvuː
past	yștruvei ˈiʃtruvei	yștruven ˈiʃtruvɛn	yștruveș ˈiʃtruvɛʃ	yștruve ˈiʃtruvɛ
subjunctive	non-past	yștruvai ˈiʃtruvai	yștruvá ˈiʃtruvaː	yștruvaș ˈiʃtruvaʃ	yștruva ˈiʃtruva	yștruvavuos iʃˈtruvavuos	yștruvavuote iʃˈtruvavuotɛ	yștruvavú iʃˈtruvavuː
past	yștruvain ˈiʃtruvain	yștruvaiș ˈiʃtruvaiʃ	yștruvai ˈiʃtruvai
optative	non-past	yștruvúe ˈiʃtruvuːɛ	yștruvova iʃˈtruvɔva	yștruvúș ˈiʃtruvuːʃ	yștruvú ˈiʃtruvuː	yștruvovuos iʃˈtruvɔvuos	yștruvovuote iʃˈtruvɔvuotɛ	yștruvovú iʃˈtruvɔvuː
past	yștruvevei iʃˈtruvɛvei	yștruveven iʃˈtruvɛvɛn	yștruveveș iʃˈtruvɛvɛʃ	yștruveve iʃˈtruvɛvɛ	yștruvevuos iʃˈtruvɛvuos	yștruvevuote iʃˈtruvɛvuotɛ	yștruvevú iʃˈtruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yștrúriè iʃˈtruːri.ɛ	yștrúrin iʃˈtruːrin	yștrúriș iʃˈtruːriʃ	yștrúri iʃˈtruːri	yștruvúris ˈiʃtruvuːris	yștruvúrite ˈiʃtruvuːritɛ	yștruvúri ˈiʃtruvuːri
past	yștruveriè iʃˈtruvɛri.ɛ	yștruverin iʃˈtruvɛrin	yștruveriș iʃˈtruvɛriʃ	yștruveri iʃˈtruvɛri
subjunctive	non-past	yștruvariè iʃˈtruvari.ɛ	yștruvarin iʃˈtruvarin	yștruvariș iʃˈtruvariʃ	yștruvari iʃˈtruvari	yștruvavúris iʃˈtruvavuːris	yștruvavúrite iʃˈtruvavuːritɛ	yștruvavúri iʃˈtruvavuːri
past	yștruvairiè ˈiʃtruvairi.ɛ	yștruvairin ˈiʃtruvairin	yștruvairiș ˈiʃtruvairiʃ	yștruvairi ˈiʃtruvairi
optative	non-past	yștruvúriè ˈiʃtruvuːri.ɛ	yștruvúrin ˈiʃtruvuːrin	yștruvúriș ˈiʃtruvuːriʃ	yștruvúri ˈiʃtruvuːri	yștruvovúris iʃˈtruvɔvuːris	yștruvovúrite iʃˈtruvɔvuːritɛ	yștruvovúri iʃˈtruvɔvuːri
past	yștruveveriè iʃˈtruvɛvɛri.ɛ	yștruveverin iʃˈtruvɛvɛrin	yștruveveriș iʃˈtruvɛvɛriʃ	yștruveveri iʃˈtruvɛvɛri	yștruvevúris iʃˈtruvɛvuːris	yștruvevúrite iʃˈtruvɛvuːritɛ	yștruvevúri iʃˈtruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian gjyșt, from Old Radestrian gyštt, from Proto-Radic *gwišht, from Proto-Hirdic *ḡwich-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gwicʰ- (to ponder).

ytasnounanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈitas

GEN.SG ytug NOM.PL ytai ADJ ytuiș

kinship grandniece, great-niece

Coordinate term: gletas

	singular	plural
nominative	ytas ˈitas	ytai ˈitai
vocative	ytase ˈitasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ytug ˈitɤɡ	ytairis iˈtairis
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ytais ˈitais
dative	ytá ˈitaː	ytairín iˈtairiːn
accusative	ytad ˈitad	ytairid iˈtairid
instrumental	ytavúr ˈitavuːr	ytairíe iˈtairiːɛ

From Middle Radestrian jythass, from Old Radestrian jythaur, from Proto-Radic *jwidhawur, from Proto-Hirdic *jwidkhóṯus, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟwid-kʰó-t-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ɟwɯd- (younger female relative).

ytsiersnounanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈitsiers

GEN.SG ytsíru NOM.PL ytsiere ADJ ytsíriș

zoology pigeon, dove

	singular	plural
nominative	ytsiers ˈitsiers	ytsiere iˈtsierɛ
vocative	ytsierse iˈtsiersɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ytsíru iˈtsiːru	ytsíriris iˈtsiːriris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ytsíris iˈtsiːris
dative	ytsíra iˈtsiːra	ytsírirín iˈtsiːririːn
accusative	ytsierd ˈitsierd	ytsíririd iˈtsiːririd
instrumental	ytsírúr iˈtsiːruːr	ytsíriríe iˈtsiːririːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gjytsérs, from Old Radestrian ǧytsǫrs, from Proto-Radic *ǧwitśǫrs, from Proto-Hirdic *ghwittjɤ̄́ḏ-, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱwitʼ=tjojd-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *gʱwitʼ- (smoke) + *tjojd- (to fly).

ytyesnounanimatecountable29/07/2026

ˈities

GEN.SG ytyeg NOM.PL ytýe ADJ ytỷș

kinship grandniece’s spouse; grandnephew-in-law, grandniece-in-law, great-nephew-in-law, great-niece-in-law

Coordinate term: gletyes

	singular	plural
nominative	ytyes ˈities	ytýe iˈtiːɛ
vocative	ytyese iˈtiesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ytyeg ˈitieɡ	ytỷris iˈtiːːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ytỷs ˈitiːːs
dative	ytýva iˈtiːva	ytỷrín iˈtiːːriːn
accusative	ytyed ˈitied	ytỷrid iˈtiːːrid
instrumental	ytývúr iˈtiːvuːr	ytỷríe iˈtiːːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian jythǿss, from Old Radestrian jythø̄jre, from Proto-Radic *jwidhwējir, from *jwidhawur (grandniece) + *-ējir (spouse of).

Ývasproper nounanimatein-world31/07/2026

ˈiːvas

GEN.SG Ývag NOM.PL Ývai

Variants: Ívas, Jývas

name Radestrian female given name; Yva

	singular	plural
nominative	Ývas ˈiːvas	Ývai ˈiːvai
vocative	Ývase ˈiːvasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	Ývag ˈiːvaɡ	Ývairis ˈiːvairis
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	Ývais ˈiːvais
dative	Ývá ˈiːvaː	Ývairín ˈiːvairiːn
accusative	Ývad ˈiːvad	Ývairid ˈiːvairid
instrumental	Ývavúr ˈiːvavuːr	Ývairíe ˈiːvairiːɛ

From Middle Radestrian Jývujass, Jývass, from Old Radestrian Jȳvvjass, from Proto-Radic *Jȳhvjahs, reinforced with *-ahs, from Proto-Hirdic *Jȳ́khbhəjəs, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟiwkʰ=bʱaj-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *ɟiwkʰ- (warm) + *bʱaj (woman).

yzlesnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈizlɛs

GEN.SG yzlig DAT.SG yzleva NOM.PL yzlei GEN₂.PL yzlies ADJ yzlíș

candle

	singular	plural
nominative	yzles ˈizlɛs	yzlei ˈizlei
vocative	yzlese ˈizlɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	yzlig ˈizliɡ	yzlíris izˈliːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	yzlies ˈizlies
dative	yzleva ˈizlɛva	yzlírín izˈliːriːn
accusative	yzled ˈizlɛd	yzlírid izˈliːrid
instrumental	yzlevúr ˈizlɛvuːr	yzlíríe izˈliːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gjyzless, from Old Radestrian gyðlēr, from Proto-Radic *gwiðlejir, from Proto-Hirdic *gwidhléṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *ᵑgwidʱ-lét-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgwæjdʱ- (to glow).

va-prefix21/08/2026

ˈva- va-

Variant: van- (prevocalic)

neo-, new

From Proto-Laenkean *bʱn̥-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱæ(j)n- (new).

-vásuffix23/07/2026

-vaː

Variant: -á (post-consonantal)

forms general indefinite pro-forms; any-

Clipping of vámbruotúr (to be wanted). See vámt.

vâbisnounanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvɤbis

GEN.SG vâbig NOM.PL vâbiè ADJ vâbíș

ghoul

	singular	plural
nominative	vâbis ˈvɤbis	vâbiè ˈvɤbi.ɛ
vocative	vâbise ˈvɤbisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vâbig ˈvɤbiɡ	vâbíris vɤˈbiːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vâbies ˈvɤbies
dative	vâbiva ˈvɤbiva	vâbírín vɤˈbiːriːn
accusative	vâbid ˈvɤbid	vâbírid vɤˈbiːrid
instrumental	vâbivúr ˈvɤbivuːr	vâbíríe vɤˈbiːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vubbiss, from Old Radestrian vobbīr, from Proto-Radic *vòhbijir, from Proto-Hirdic *bhɔ́ṯbiḵis, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱat=ᵐbik-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *bʱat- (eye) + *ᵐbik- (to damage, to harm).

vacanouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvatsa

GEN.SG vacisk NOM.PL vacere ADJ vaciș

1. unnatural death, casualty, fatality

2.victim, killed person

	singular	plural
nominative	vaca ˈvatsa	vacere ˈvatsɛrɛ
vocative	vacese ˈvatsɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vacisk ˈvatsisk	vaceris ˈvatsɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vacis ˈvatsis
dative	vacen ˈvatsɛn	vacerín ˈvatsɛriːn
accusative	vacest ˈvatsɛst	vacerid ˈvatsɛrid
instrumental	vacevúr ˈvatsɛvuːr	vaceríe ˈvatsɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vatcra, from Old Radestrian wahcræ, from Proto-Radic *wakcer, from Proto-Hirdic *wakkés, from Proto-Laenkean *wn̥kʼ-kʼé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *wankʼ- (to shrink, to shrivel, to be ill).

rabs

vadresnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvadrɛs

GEN.SG vadrig NOM.PL vadrei ADJ vadríș

lens

	singular	plural
nominative	vadres ˈvadrɛs	vadrei ˈvadrei
vocative	vadrese ˈvadrɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vadrig ˈvadriɡ	vadríris vadˈriːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vadries ˈvadries
dative	vadreva ˈvadrɛva	vadrírín vadˈriːriːn
accusative	vadred ˈvadrɛd	vadrírid vadˈriːrid
instrumental	vadrevúr ˈvadrɛvuːr	vadríríe vadˈriːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vadress, from Old Radestrian ladrēr, from Proto-Radic *ladrejir, borrowed from Proto-Riyanic *lădréhi, from Proto-Hirdic *lrəḏléṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *lr̥d-lét-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *lɯrd- (to see).

vardt

vagaladverbuncomparable20/08/2026

ˈvaɡal

there, over there

Synonym: okal, oteral, krieksal

The referent location does not necessarily have to be visible; vagal typically has a discursive referent, whereas okal is a form of present indication of a visible location.

From Middle Radestrian vagal, from Old Radestrian laǧal (æ), from Proto-Radic *olhá læ, from Proto-Hirdic *ləhá, from Proto-Laenkean *(s)l̥h-ń̥, from the Proto-Laenkean root *(s)lɯh- (distal), equivalent to vara¹ + la.

vaíanouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

vaˈiːa

GEN.SG vaijusk NOM.PL vaijore

1.in-world fifth day of dzestasans (thirteenth month) during leap years

Synonym: laía (during other months), valygdras (during non-leap years)

Coordinate terms: asía (first day), atía (second day), liría (third day), aía (fourth day) ↔ valygdras (last day)

2.by extension leap day

	singular	plural
nominative	vaía vaˈiːa	vaijore ˈvaijɔrɛ
vocative	vaijose ˈvaijɔsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vaijusk ˈvaijɤsk	vaijoris ˈvaijɔris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vaijus ˈvaijɤs
dative	vaijun ˈvaijɤn	vaijorín ˈvaijɔriːn
accusative	vaijust ˈvaijɤst	vaijorid ˈvaijɔrid
instrumental	vaijovúr ˈvaijɔvuːr	vaijoríe ˈvaijɔriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vaíra, from Old Radestrian laijra, from Proto-Radic *laiǧor, from *lıēr (fifth) + *-ǧor (augmentative).

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