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nuovatenouninanimateplurale tantum31/07/2026

ˈnuovatɛ

poetic bright eyes

	binary plural
nominative	nuovate ˈnuovatɛ
vocative
genitive	nuovatis ˈnuovatis
dative	nuovatín ˈnuovatiːn
accusative	nuovatid ˈnuovatid
instrumental	nuovatíe ˈnuovatiːɛ

Of uncertain origin, but likely related to norus (colour), from the Proto-Laenkean root *now- (spotty, coloured).

Nuovatjensproper nounanimate31/07/2026

ˈnuovatʃɛns

GEN.SG Nuovatjeng DAT.SG Nuovatína NOM.PL Nuovatjene

name Radestrian surname; Novatine

	singular	plural
nominative	Nuovatjens ˈnuovatʃɛns	Nuovatjene ˈnuovatʃɛnɛ
vocative	Nuovatjense ˈnuovatʃɛnsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	Nuovatjeng ˈnuovatʃɛŋɡ	Nuovatíniris ˈnuovatiːniris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	Nuovatínis ˈnuovatiːnis
dative	Nuovatína ˈnuovatiːna	Nuovatínirín ˈnuovatiːniriːn
accusative	Nuovatjend ˈnuovatʃɛnd	Nuovatínirid ˈnuovatiːnirid
instrumental	Nuovatínúr ˈnuovatiːnuːr	Nuovatíniríe ˈnuovatiːniriːɛ

nuovate (bright eyes) + -jens

nuozișadjectivecomparable31/07/2026

ˈnuoziʃ

COMP nuozuobș ADV nuozí

lewd, indecent, obscene

degree	form
positive	nuoziș ˈnuoziʃ
comparative	nuozuobș ˈnuozuopʃ
superlative	nuozúvaș ˈnuozuːvaʃ
excessive	nuozâbyș ˈnuozɤbiʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nuoziș ˈnuoziʃ	nuozișe ˈnuoziʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
nuozișa ˈnuoziʃa	nuozișa’ ˈnuoziʃa	nuozișag ˈnuoziʃaɡ	nuozișai ˈnuoziʃai	nuozișei, nuoziși (colloquial) ˈnuoziʃei ˈnuoziʃi	nuozișu ˈnuoziʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	nuozișe ˈnuoziʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	nuozișk ˈnuoziʃk	nuozișesk ˈnuoziʃɛsk	nuozișeris ˈnuoziʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	nuozișes ˈnuoziʃɛs
dative	nuozișa ˈnuoziʃa	nuozișen ˈnuoziʃɛn	nuozișerín ˈnuoziʃɛriːn
accusative	nuozișt ˈnuoziʃt	nuozișest ˈnuoziʃɛst	nuozișerid ˈnuoziʃɛrid
instrumental	nuozișúr ˈnuoziʃuːr	nuozișevúr ˈnuoziʃɛvuːr	nuozișeríe ˈnuoziʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian nōzziș, from Old Radestrian nowuððišjer, from Proto-Radic *noǧuððer, from *an- + *ǧuððer (whore).

nýrimsnouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈniːrims

GEN.SG nýrim NOM.PL nýrime ADJ nýrimiș

egg

	singular	plural
nominative	nýrims ˈniːrims	nýrime ˈniːrimɛ
vocative	nýrimse ˈniːrimsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	nýrim ˈniːrim	nýrimiris ˈniːrimiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	nýrimis ˈniːrimis
dative	nýrima ˈniːrima	nýrimirín ˈniːrimiriːn
accusative	nýrimd ˈniːrimd	nýrimirid ˈniːrimirid
instrumental	nýrimúr ˈniːrimuːr	nýrimiríe ˈniːrimiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian nýrims, from Old Radestrian nȳrimre, from Proto-Radic *nȳrimir, from Proto-Hirdic *nȳ́ḏimis, from Proto-Laenkean *niw<di>m-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *niwm- (to roll).

nýrinversnouninanimateuncountable31/07/2026

ˈniːrinvɛrs

GEN.SG nýrinveru DAT.SG nýrinvira ADJ nýrinviriș

egg white

	singular
nominative	nýrinvers ˈniːrinvɛrs
vocative	nýrinverse ˈniːrinvɛrsɛ
genitive	nýrinveru ˈniːrinvɛru
dative	nýrinvira ˈniːrinvira
accusative	nýrinverd ˈniːrinvɛrd
instrumental	nýrinvirúr ˈniːrinviruːr

From Middle Radestrian nýrinvers, from Old Radestrian nȳrimvirre, from Proto-Radic *nȳrimhirir, from *nȳrimir (egg) + *herir (white), equivalent to nýrims + hjeriș.

nvastanouninanimateuncountable31/07/2026

ˈnasta

GEN.SG nvastisk DAT.SG nvasten ADJ nvastiș

cheese

	singular
nominative	nvasta ˈnasta
vocative	nvastese ˈnastɛsɛ
genitive	nvastisk ˈnastisk
dative	nvasten ˈnastɛn
accusative	nvastest ˈnastɛst
instrumental	nvastevúr ˈnastɛvuːr

From Middle Radestrian nvastra, from Old Radestrian nlatcræ, from Proto-Radic *nıltcer, from Proto-Hirdic *nəlckés, from Proto-Laenkean *na-tl̥cʼ-kʼé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *tlycʼ- (to ferment).

nvemenouninanimatecountable05/07/2026

ˈnɛmɛ

GEN.SG nvemisk NOM.PL nvemire ADJ nvemiș

wave

	singular	plural
nominative	nveme ˈnɛmɛ	nvemire ˈnɛmirɛ
vocative	nvemise ˈnɛmisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	nvemisk ˈnɛmisk	nvemiris ˈnɛmiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	nvemis ˈnɛmis
dative	nvemin ˈnɛmin	nvemirín ˈnɛmiriːn
accusative	nvemist ˈnɛmist	nvemirid ˈnɛmirid
instrumental	nvemivúr ˈnɛmivuːr	nvemiríe ˈnɛmiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian nýmmre, from Old Radestrian nȳmmre, from Proto-Radic *nȳmmir, from Proto-Laenkean *niwm-me-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *niwm- (to roll).

nventsnouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

nɛnts

GEN.SG nventusk NOM.PL nvente GEN₂.PL nventus ADJ nventuș

time year

	singular	plural
nominative	nvents nɛnts	nvente ˈnɛntɛ
vocative	nventse ˈnɛntsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	nventusk^△ ˈnɛntɤsk	nventiris ˈnɛntiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	nventus^△ ˈnɛntɤs
dative	nventa ˈnɛnta	nventirín ˈnɛntiriːn
accusative	nvenst nɛnst	nventirid ˈnɛntirid
instrumental	nventúr ˈnɛntuːr	nventiríe ˈnɛntiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian nýnts, from Old Radestrian nȳmts, from Proto-Radic *nȳmts (year), from Proto-Hirdic *nȳ́mtəs, from Proto-Laenkean *niwm-tʼa-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *niwm- (to roll).

nvuoganounanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈnuoɡa

GEN.SG nvúgisk, nvújesk NOM.PL nvúgere ADJ nvújeș

zoology bat

	singular	plural
nominative	nvuoga ˈnuoɡa	nvúgere ˈnuːɡɛrɛ
vocative	nvúgese ˈnuːɡɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	nvúgisk, nvújesk (archaic) ˈnuːɡisk ˈnuːjɛsk	nvúgeris ˈnuːɡɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	nvúgis ˈnuːɡis
dative	nvúgen ˈnuːɡɛn	nvúgerín ˈnuːɡɛriːn
accusative	nvúgest ˈnuːɡɛst	nvúgerid ˈnuːɡɛrid
instrumental	nvúgevúr ˈnuːɡɛvuːr	nvúgeríe ˈnuːɡɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian nvógra, from Old Radestrian nlōǧra, from Proto-Radic *nōlhwer, from Proto-Hirdic *nōləkhwés, from Proto-Laenkean *na-wl̥-k(ʰ)wé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *wal- (black).

o¹conjunction31/07/2026

Homophones: o²

1. denotes a contrast; and, but (with leading comma)

Virșu sjuoþs lírúr svoroaș, o u nraos ljájúr. My brother is three years old, and my sister is seven.

2. conjoins verbal phrases; and then (no leading comma)

Synonym: ar

U lír orezeș o luoríneș. The clown sang and then danced.

The conjunction o is used to link full clauses. When joining constituent phrases, ar is used.
When linking verbs, ar implies a simultaneous action, whereas o implies a sequence.

From Middle Radestrian o, from Old Radestrian o, from Proto-Radic *o (some expressive particle).

o²particle31/07/2026

Homophones: o¹

also, as well, even

Synonym: o kaor

Luoríneș o vâs. He danced, too. / Even he danced.

O rá mojeș aruovd. Good morning to you, too.

Used before the additional phrase, but cannot precede verbs in this sense: o kaor is used for this purpose.

See o¹.

obúradverbuncomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔbuːr

interrogative why

Synonym: át², otú

Obúr elicits a more general reason, whereas át² tends to imply cause or purpose.

From Middle Radestrian obôr, from Old Radestrian avbôr, from Proto-Radic *abbôr, from Proto-Hirdic *aḇbɔ̄́s, from Proto-Laenkean *⁂m̥bbáws, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵐbæj(n)- (interrogative).

ocíanouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ɔˈtsiːa

GEN.SG ociesk NOM.PL ociere ADJ ocieș

1.damage, harm

2.injury

Synonym: lorus

3.shame, pity

	singular	plural
nominative	ocía ɔˈtsiːa	ociere ɔˈtsierɛ
vocative	ociese ɔˈtsiesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ociesk ɔˈtsiesk	ocieris ɔˈtsieris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ocies ˈɔtsies
dative	ocien ˈɔtsien	ocierín ɔˈtsieriːn
accusative	ociest ɔˈtsiest	ocierid ɔˈtsierid
instrumental	ocievúr ɔˈtsievuːr	ocieríe ɔˈtsieriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian aucíra, from Old Radestrian avcijra, from Proto-Radic *abciǧor, from Proto-Hirdic *aḇkighós, from Proto-Laenkean *m̥bk-igʱó-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵐbik- (to damage, to harm).

odrasnouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈɔdras

GEN.SG odrag NOM.PL odrage ADJ odrajeș

time evening

	singular	plural
nominative	odras ˈɔdras	odrage ˈɔdraɡɛ
vocative	odrase ˈɔdrasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	odrag ˈɔdraɡ	odrajeris ɔdˈrajɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	odrajes ˈɔdrajɛs
dative	odraga ˈɔdraɡa	odrajerín ɔdˈrajɛriːn
accusative	odrad ˈɔdrad	odrajerid ɔdˈrajɛrid
instrumental	odragúr ˈɔdraɡuːr	odrajeríe ɔdˈrajɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian audrass, from Old Radestrian awdrass, from Proto-Radic *aǧdorhs (evening), with sporadic shortening, from Proto-Hirdic *ghədɔ̄́rkhəs, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱa-ⁿdawrkʰ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ⁿdawrkʰ- (dark/night).

oe-prefix07/07/2026

ˈɔ.ɛ- ɔˈɛ-

five-, quinque-, penta-

Coordinate forms: úr (cardinal), vjei· (ordinal prefix)

From Middle Radestrian vue-, from Old Radestrian lŭe-, from Proto-Radic *lıe-, from Proto-Hirdic *ləḡe(ḡ)-, from Proto-Laenkean *l̥g-ég-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *log- (five).

ase-, ate-, lire-, ae-, nare-, lie-, drege-, fore-, sjele-

oenirírnouninanimatecountable03/07/2026

ɔˈɛniriːr

GEN.SG oenirí NOM.PL oeniríre

quadrillion, one quadrillion (1000000000000000 or 1000⁵)

Coordinate forms: oenire- (prefix), oeniríș (ordinal)

	singular	plural
nominative	oenirír ɔˈɛniriːr	oeniríre ɔˈɛniriːrɛ
vocative	oeniríse ɔˈɛniriːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	oenirí ɔˈɛniriː	oeniríris ɔˈɛniriːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	oenirjes ɔˈɛnirjɛs
dative	oenirea ɔˈɛniræː	oenirírín ɔˈɛniriːriːn
accusative	oeniríd ɔˈɛniriːd	oenirírid ɔˈɛniriːrid
instrumental	oenireúr ɔˈɛnirɛ.uːr	oeniríríe ɔˈɛniriːriːɛ

From oe- (quinti-) + lenirír (thousand), modelled after atenirír (million).

o kaoradverbuncomparable31/07/2026

ɔ ˈkɔːr

also, too, as well

Luoríneș o kaor. She also danced (amongst other things).

Only used to modify verbs. Otherwise, o² is used.

o² + kaor

olovíșadjectivecomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔlɔviːʃ

COMP hevúb olovíș ADV olove

thirsty

degree	form
positive	olovíș ˈɔlɔviːʃ
comparative	hevúb olovíș ˈhɛvuːb ˈɔlɔviːʃ
superlative	hevúva olovíș hɛˈvuːva ˈɔlɔviːʃ
excessive	hevâbe olovíș ˈhɛvɤbɛ ˈɔlɔviːʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
olovíș ˈɔlɔviːʃ	olovíșe ˈɔlɔviːʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
olovíșa ˈɔlɔviːʃa	olovíșa’ ˈɔlɔviːʃa	olovíșag ˈɔlɔviːʃaɡ	olovíșai ˈɔlɔviːʃai	olovíșei, olovíși (colloquial) ˈɔlɔviːʃei ˈɔlɔviːʃi	olovíșu ˈɔlɔviːʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	olovjeșe ɔˈlɔvjɛʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	olovjeșk ˈɔlɔvjɛʃk	olovíșesk ˈɔlɔviːʃɛsk	olovíșeris ˈɔlɔviːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	olovíșes ˈɔlɔviːʃɛs
dative	olovíșa ˈɔlɔviːʃa	olovíșen ˈɔlɔviːʃɛn	olovíșerín ˈɔlɔviːʃɛriːn
accusative	olovjeșt ˈɔlɔvjɛʃt	olovíșest ˈɔlɔviːʃɛst	olovíșerid ˈɔlɔviːʃɛrid
instrumental	olovíșúr ˈɔlɔviːʃuːr	olovíșevúr ˈɔlɔviːʃɛvuːr	olovíșeríe ˈɔlɔviːʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian aulauvíș, from Old Radestrian awðawovīšjer, equivalent to aulas + -ovíș.

oraișadjectiveuncomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔraiʃ

ADV oraí

even, level, equal (to = + dative)

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
oraiș ˈɔraiʃ	oraișe ɔˈraiʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
oraișa ɔˈraiʃa	oraișa’ ɔˈraiʃa	oraișag ɔˈraiʃaɡ	oraișai ɔˈraiʃai	oraișei, oraiși (colloquial) ɔˈraiʃei ɔˈraiʃi	oraișu ɔˈraiʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	oraișe ɔˈraiʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	oraișk ɔˈraiʃk	oraișesk ɔˈraiʃɛsk	oraișeris ɔˈraiʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	oraișes ɔˈraiʃɛs
dative	oraișa ɔˈraiʃa	oraișen ɔˈraiʃɛn	oraișerín ɔˈraiʃɛriːn
accusative	oraișt ɔˈraiʃt	oraișest ɔˈraiʃɛst	oraișerid ɔˈraiʃɛrid
instrumental	oraișúr ɔˈraiʃuːr	oraișevúr ɔˈraiʃɛvuːr	oraișeríe ɔˈraiʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian auraiș, from Old Radestrian awraišjer, from Proto-Radic *aǧrahs, *aǧrajišjir, from Proto-Hirdic *aḡhrə́həs, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋ̊gh-ŕ̥h-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgih- (reflexive).

orastverbintransitive31/07/2026

ˈɔrast

NPST.1S orase PST.1S orezei PRESPART orazivú PSPART orazúl

to sing

nonfinite forms
infinitive	orast ˈɔrast
connegative	orasta ɔˈrasta
supine	orastúr ɔˈrastuːr
participle	present	adjectival	oraziș ˈɔraziʃ
adverbial	orazivú ɔˈrazivuː
past	adjectival	orazúș ˈɔrazuːʃ
adverbial	orazúl ˈɔrazuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		orasa ˈɔrasa	orasúș ˈɔrasuːʃ		oresuoș ˈɔrɛsuoʃ		orasovú ɔˈrasɔvuː
indicative	non-past	orase ˈɔrasɛ	oraș ˈɔraʃ	oras ˈɔras	oresuos ˈɔrɛsuos	oresuote ˈɔrɛsuotɛ	oresú ˈɔrɛsuː
past	orezei ˈɔrɛzei	orezen ˈɔrɛzɛn	orezeș ˈɔrɛzɛʃ	oreze ˈɔrɛzɛ	orezuos ˈɔrɛzuos	orezuote ˈɔrɛzuotɛ	orezú ˈɔrɛzuː
subjunctive	non-past	orasai ˈɔrasai	orasá ˈɔrasaː	orasaș ˈɔrasaʃ	orasa ˈɔrasa	orasavuos ɔˈrasavuos	orasavuote ɔˈrasavuotɛ	orasavú ɔˈrasavuː
past	orezai ˈɔrɛzai	orezain ˈɔrɛzain	orezaiș ˈɔrɛzaiʃ	orezai ˈɔrɛzai	orezavuos ɔˈrɛzavuos	orezavuote ɔˈrɛzavuotɛ	orezavú ɔˈrɛzavuː
optative	non-past	orasúe ˈɔrasuːɛ	orasova ɔˈrasɔva	orasúș ˈɔrasuːʃ	orasú ˈɔrasuː	orasovuos ɔˈrasɔvuos	orasovuote ɔˈrasɔvuotɛ	orasovú ɔˈrasɔvuː
past	orezevei ɔˈrɛzɛvei	orezeven ɔˈrɛzɛvɛn	orezeveș ɔˈrɛzɛvɛʃ	orezeve ɔˈrɛzɛvɛ	orezevuos ɔˈrɛzɛvuos	orezevuote ɔˈrɛzɛvuotɛ	orezevú ɔˈrɛzɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	orastriè ɔˈrastri.ɛ	orastrin ɔˈrastrin	orastriș ɔˈrastriʃ	orastri ɔˈrastri	oresúris ˈɔrɛsuːris	oresúrite ˈɔrɛsuːritɛ	oresúri ˈɔrɛsuːri
past	orezeriè ɔˈrɛzɛri.ɛ	orezerin ɔˈrɛzɛrin	orezeriș ɔˈrɛzɛriʃ	orezeri ɔˈrɛzɛri	orezúris ˈɔrɛzuːris	orezúrite ˈɔrɛzuːritɛ	orezúri ˈɔrɛzuːri
subjunctive	non-past	orasariè ɔˈrasari.ɛ	orasarin ɔˈrasarin	orasariș ɔˈrasariʃ	orasari ɔˈrasari	orasavúris ɔˈrasavuːris	orasavúrite ɔˈrasavuːritɛ	orasavúri ɔˈrasavuːri
past	orezairiè ˈɔrɛzairi.ɛ	orezairin ˈɔrɛzairin	orezairiș ˈɔrɛzairiʃ	orezairi ˈɔrɛzairi	orezavúris ɔˈrɛzavuːris	orezavúrite ɔˈrɛzavuːritɛ	orezavúri ɔˈrɛzavuːri
optative	non-past	orasúriè ˈɔrasuːri.ɛ	orasúrin ˈɔrasuːrin	orasúriș ˈɔrasuːriʃ	orasúri ˈɔrasuːri	orasovúris ɔˈrasɔvuːris	orasovúrite ɔˈrasɔvuːritɛ	orasovúri ɔˈrasɔvuːri
past	orezeveriè ɔˈrɛzɛvɛri.ɛ	orezeverin ɔˈrɛzɛvɛrin	orezeveriș ɔˈrɛzɛvɛriʃ	orezeveri ɔˈrɛzɛvɛri	orezevúris ɔˈrɛzɛvuːris	orezevúrite ɔˈrɛzɛvuːritɛ	orezevúri ɔˈrɛzɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian aurast, from Old Radestrian awræztt, from Proto-Radic *agræhzht, from Proto-Hirdic *aḡrǽp̄z-, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋ̊g<rǽp>z-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *PL. *ᵑgæz- (to invoke).

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