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gliermyvs nouninanimatecountable11/09/2026

ˈɡliermifs

GEN.SG gliermyvu NOM.PL gliermyve ADJ gliermyviș

biochemistry fructose

	singular	plural
nominative	gliermyvs ˈɡliermifs	gliermyve ˈɡliermivɛ
vocative	gliermyvse ˈɡliermifsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gliermyvu ˈɡliermivu	gliermyviris ˈɡliermiviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gliermyvis ˈɡliermivis
dative	gliermyva ˈɡliermiva	gliermyvirín ˈɡliermiviriːn
accusative	gliermyvd ˈɡliermivd	gliermyvirid ˈɡliermivirid
instrumental	gliermyvúr ˈɡliermivuːr	gliermyviríe ˈɡliermiviriːɛ

glierms (fruit) + -yvs (-ose)

graþs nounanimatecountable26/07/2026

ɡraθs

GEN.SG grask NOM.PL graðe ADJ graðiș

giant

	singular	plural
nominative	graþs ɡraθs	graðe ˈɡraðɛ
vocative	graþse ˈɡraθsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	grask ɡrask	graðiris ˈɡraðiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	graðis ˈɡraðis
dative	graða ˈɡraða	graðirín ˈɡraðiriːn
accusative	grast ɡrast	graðirid ˈɡraðirid
instrumental	graðúr ˈɡraðuːr	graðiríe ˈɡraðiriːɛ

From Old Radestrian graþs, from Proto-Radic *garþs, from Proto-Hirdic *ḡárthəs, from Proto-Laenkean *gar-tʰ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gar- (big).

grelyt verbtransitive26/07/2026

ˈɡrɛlit

NPST.1S grelyte PST.1S grelysei PRESPART grelystivú PSPART grelytúl

to strangle, to choke, to throttle

nonfinite forms
infinitive	grelyt ˈɡrɛlit
connegative	grelyta ˈɡrɛlita
supine	grelytúr ˈɡrɛlituːr
participle	present	adjectival	grelystiș ˈɡrɛlistiʃ
adverbial	grelystivú ɡrɛˈlistivuː
past	adjectival	grelytúș ˈɡrɛlituːʃ
adverbial	grelytúl ˈɡrɛlituːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		grelyta ˈɡrɛlita	grelytúș ˈɡrɛlituːʃ		grelytuoș ˈɡrɛlituoʃ		grelytovú ɡrɛˈlitɔvuː
indicative	non-past	grelyte ˈɡrɛlitɛ	grelytș ˈɡrɛlitʃ	grelyt ˈɡrɛlit	grelytuos ˈɡrɛlituos	grelytuote ˈɡrɛlituotɛ	grelytú ˈɡrɛlituː
past	grelysei ˈɡrɛlisei	grelysen ˈɡrɛlisɛn	grelyseș ˈɡrɛlisɛʃ	grelyse ˈɡrɛlisɛ	grelysuos ˈɡrɛlisuos	grelysuote ˈɡrɛlisuotɛ	grelysú ˈɡrɛlisuː
subjunctive	non-past	grelytai ˈɡrɛlitai	grelytá ˈɡrɛlitaː	grelytaș ˈɡrɛlitaʃ	grelyta ˈɡrɛlita	grelytavuos ɡrɛˈlitavuos	grelytavuote ɡrɛˈlitavuotɛ	grelytavú ɡrɛˈlitavuː
past	grelysai ˈɡrɛlisai	grelysain ˈɡrɛlisain	grelysaiș ˈɡrɛlisaiʃ	grelysai ˈɡrɛlisai	grelysavuos ɡrɛˈlisavuos	grelysavuote ɡrɛˈlisavuotɛ	grelysavú ɡrɛˈlisavuː
optative	non-past	grelytúe ˈɡrɛlituːɛ	grelytova ɡrɛˈlitɔva	grelytúș ˈɡrɛlituːʃ	grelytú ˈɡrɛlituː	grelytovuos ɡrɛˈlitɔvuos	grelytovuote ɡrɛˈlitɔvuotɛ	grelytovú ɡrɛˈlitɔvuː
past	grelysevei ɡrɛˈlisɛvei	grelyseven ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛn	grelyseveș ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛʃ	grelyseve ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛ	grelysevuos ɡrɛˈlisɛvuos	grelysevuote ɡrɛˈlisɛvuotɛ	grelysevú ɡrɛˈlisɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	grelytriè ɡrɛˈlitri.ɛ	grelytrin ˈɡrɛlitrin	grelytriș ˈɡrɛlitriʃ	grelytri ˈɡrɛlitri	grelytúris ˈɡrɛlituːris	grelytúrite ˈɡrɛlituːritɛ	grelytúri ˈɡrɛlituːri
past	grelyseriè ɡrɛˈlisɛri.ɛ	grelyserin ɡrɛˈlisɛrin	grelyseriș ɡrɛˈlisɛriʃ	grelyseri ɡrɛˈlisɛri	grelysúris ˈɡrɛlisuːris	grelysúrite ˈɡrɛlisuːritɛ	grelysúri ˈɡrɛlisuːri
subjunctive	non-past	grelytariè ɡrɛˈlitari.ɛ	grelytarin ɡrɛˈlitarin	grelytariș ɡrɛˈlitariʃ	grelytari ɡrɛˈlitari	grelytavúris ɡrɛˈlitavuːris	grelytavúrite ɡrɛˈlitavuːritɛ	grelytavúri ɡrɛˈlitavuːri
past	grelysairiè ˈɡrɛlisairi.ɛ	grelysairin ˈɡrɛlisairin	grelysairiș ˈɡrɛlisairiʃ	grelysairi ˈɡrɛlisairi	grelysavúris ɡrɛˈlisavuːris	grelysavúrite ɡrɛˈlisavuːritɛ	grelysavúri ɡrɛˈlisavuːri
optative	non-past	grelytúriè ˈɡrɛlituːri.ɛ	grelytúrin ˈɡrɛlituːrin	grelytúriș ˈɡrɛlituːriʃ	grelytúri ˈɡrɛlituːri	grelytovúris ɡrɛˈlitɔvuːris	grelytovúrite ɡrɛˈlitɔvuːritɛ	grelytovúri ɡrɛˈlitɔvuːri
past	grelyseveriè ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛri.ɛ	grelyseverin ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛrin	grelyseveriș ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛriʃ	grelyseveri ɡrɛˈlisɛvɛri	grelysevúris ɡrɛˈlisɛvuːris	grelysevúrite ɡrɛˈlisɛvuːritɛ	grelysevúri ɡrɛˈlisɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	grelytruot ˈɡrɛlitruot
connegative	grelytruota ɡrɛˈlitruota
supine	grelytruotúr ɡrɛˈlitruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	grelystruviș ɡrɛˈlistruviʃ
adverbial	grelystruvivú ɡrɛˈlistruvivuː
past	adjectival	grelytuokș ˈɡrɛlituokʃ
adverbial	grelytúk ˈɡrɛlituːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		grelytrúa ɡrɛˈlitruːa	grelytruvúș ɡrɛˈlitruvuːʃ		grelytruvuoș ɡrɛˈlitruvuoʃ		grelytruvovú ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	grelytrúe ɡrɛˈlitruːɛ	grelytruva ɡrɛˈlitruva	grelytrúș ˈɡrɛlitruːʃ	grelytrú ˈɡrɛlitruː	grelytruvuos ɡrɛˈlitruvuos	grelytruvuote ɡrɛˈlitruvuotɛ	grelytruvú ɡrɛˈlitruvuː
past	grelystruvei ɡrɛˈlistruvei	grelystruven ɡrɛˈlistruvɛn	grelystruveș ɡrɛˈlistruvɛʃ	grelystruve ɡrɛˈlistruvɛ	grelystruvuos ɡrɛˈlistruvuos	grelystruvuote ɡrɛˈlistruvuotɛ	grelystruvú ɡrɛˈlistruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	grelytruvai ɡrɛˈlitruvai	grelytruvá ɡrɛˈlitruvaː	grelytruvaș ɡrɛˈlitruvaʃ	grelytruva ɡrɛˈlitruva	grelytruvavuos ɡrɛˈlitruvavuos	grelytruvavuote ɡrɛˈlitruvavuotɛ	grelytruvavú ɡrɛˈlitruvavuː
past	grelystruvai ɡrɛˈlistruvai	grelystruvain ɡrɛˈlistruvain	grelystruvaiș ɡrɛˈlistruvaiʃ	grelystruvai ɡrɛˈlistruvai	grelystruvavuos ɡrɛˈlistruvavuos	grelystruvavuote ɡrɛˈlistruvavuotɛ	grelystruvavú ɡrɛˈlistruvavuː
optative	non-past	grelytruvúe ɡrɛˈlitruvuːɛ	grelytruvova ɡrɛˈlitruvɔva	grelytruvúș ɡrɛˈlitruvuːʃ	grelytruvú ɡrɛˈlitruvuː	grelytruvovuos ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuos	grelytruvovuote ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuotɛ	grelytruvovú ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuː
past	grelystruvevei ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvei	grelystruveven ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛn	grelystruveveș ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛʃ	grelystruveve ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛ	grelystruvevuos ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvuos	grelystruvevuote ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvuotɛ	grelystruvevú ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	grelytrúriè ɡrɛˈlitruːri.ɛ	grelytrúrin ɡrɛˈlitruːrin	grelytrúriș ɡrɛˈlitruːriʃ	grelytrúri ɡrɛˈlitruːri	grelytruvúris ɡrɛˈlitruvuːris	grelytruvúrite ɡrɛˈlitruvuːritɛ	grelytruvúri ɡrɛˈlitruvuːri
past	grelystruveriè ɡrɛˈlistruvɛri.ɛ	grelystruverin ɡrɛˈlistruvɛrin	grelystruveriș ɡrɛˈlistruvɛriʃ	grelystruveri ɡrɛˈlistruvɛri	grelystruvúris ɡrɛˈlistruvuːris	grelystruvúrite ɡrɛˈlistruvuːritɛ	grelystruvúri ɡrɛˈlistruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	grelytruvariè ɡrɛˈlitruvari.ɛ	grelytruvarin ɡrɛˈlitruvarin	grelytruvariș ɡrɛˈlitruvariʃ	grelytruvari ɡrɛˈlitruvari	grelytruvavúris ɡrɛˈlitruvavuːris	grelytruvavúrite ɡrɛˈlitruvavuːritɛ	grelytruvavúri ɡrɛˈlitruvavuːri
past	grelystruvairiè ɡrɛˈlistruvairi.ɛ	grelystruvairin ɡrɛˈlistruvairin	grelystruvairiș ɡrɛˈlistruvairiʃ	grelystruvairi ɡrɛˈlistruvairi	grelystruvavúris ɡrɛˈlistruvavuːris	grelystruvavúrite ɡrɛˈlistruvavuːritɛ	grelystruvavúri ɡrɛˈlistruvavuːri
optative	non-past	grelytruvúriè ɡrɛˈlitruvuːri.ɛ	grelytruvúrin ɡrɛˈlitruvuːrin	grelytruvúriș ɡrɛˈlitruvuːriʃ	grelytruvúri ɡrɛˈlitruvuːri	grelytruvovúris ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuːris	grelytruvovúrite ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuːritɛ	grelytruvovúri ɡrɛˈlitruvɔvuːri
past	grelystruveveriè ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛri.ɛ	grelystruveverin ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛrin	grelystruveveriș ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛriʃ	grelystruveveri ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvɛri	grelystruvevúris ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvuːris	grelystruvevúrite ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvuːritɛ	grelystruvevúri ɡrɛˈlistruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian grelivt, from Old Radestrian gleðivtt, from Proto-Radic *gleðibtht, from Proto-Hirdic *ḡlédhiḇt- (to choke, to drown), from Proto-Laenkean *gle<dʱeb>tʼ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gletʼ- (to dip).

groà nouninanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈɡrɔ.a

GEN.SG gravusk NOM.PL gravore ADJ gravuș

Variant: G (symbol)

tonne (thousand kilograms)

Synonym: lenirecuova (megagram)

	singular	plural
nominative	groà ˈɡrɔ.a	gravore ˈɡravɔrɛ
vocative	gravose ˈɡravɔsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gravusk ˈɡravɤsk	gravoris ˈɡravɔris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gravus ˈɡravɤs
dative	gravun ˈɡravɤn	gravorín ˈɡravɔriːn
accusative	gravust ˈɡravɤst	gravorid ˈɡravɔrid
instrumental	gravovúr ˈɡravɔvuːr	gravoríe ˈɡravɔriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian graura, from Old Radestrian grawor, from Proto-Radic *garǧor, from *gārar (much) + *-ǧor (augmentative).

groviș adjectivecomparable26/07/2026

ˈɡrɔviʃ

COMP gravuobș ADV groví

great, grand

degree	form
positive	groviș ˈɡrɔviʃ
comparative	gravuobș ɡraˈvuopʃ
superlative	gravúvaș ɡraˈvuːvaʃ
excessive	gravâbyș ˈɡravɤbiʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
groviș ˈɡrɔviʃ	grovișe ˈɡrɔviʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
groviș[[a>ă]] ˈɡrɔviʃa	groviș[[a>ă]]’ ˈɡrɔviʃa	groviș[[a>ă]]g ˈɡrɔviʃaɡ	groviș[[a>ă]]i ˈɡrɔviʃai	grovișei, groviși (colloquial) ˈɡrɔviʃei ˈɡrɔviʃi	grovișu ˈɡrɔviʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	grovișe ˈɡrɔviʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	grovișk ˈɡrɔviʃk	grovișesk ˈɡrɔviʃɛsk	grovișeris ɡrɔˈviʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	grovișes ˈɡrɔviʃɛs
dative	grovișa ˈɡrɔviʃa	grovișen ˈɡrɔviʃɛn	grovișerín ɡrɔˈviʃɛriːn
accusative	grovișt ˈɡrɔviʃt	grovișest ˈɡrɔviʃɛst	grovișerid ɡrɔˈviʃɛrid
instrumental	grovișúr ˈɡrɔviʃuːr	grovișevúr ɡrɔˈviʃɛvuːr	grovișeríe ɡrɔˈviʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian groviș, from Old Radestrian grovišjer, from Proto-Radic *graǧs, *gròǧišjir, from Proto-Hirdic *ḡrághəs, from Proto-Laenkean *gr̥-ágʱ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gar- (big).

gruiș adjectivecomparable26/07/2026

ɡrɤiʃ

COMP grouobș ADV gruí

fat

degree	form
positive	gruiș ɡrɤiʃ
comparative	grouobș ɡrɔˈuopʃ
superlative	groúvaș ɡrɔˈuːvaʃ
excessive	groâbyș ˈɡrɔ.ɤbiʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
gruiș ɡrɤiʃ	gruișe ˈɡrɤiʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
gruiș[[a>ă]] ˈɡrɤiʃa	gruiș[[a>ă]]’ ˈɡrɤiʃa	gruiș[[a>ă]]g ˈɡrɤiʃaɡ	gruiș[[a>ă]]i ˈɡrɤiʃai	gruișei, gruiși (colloquial) ˈɡrɤiʃei ˈɡrɤiʃi	gruișu ˈɡrɤiʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	gruișe ˈɡrɤiʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gruișk ɡrɤiʃk	gruișesk ˈɡrɤiʃɛsk	gruișeris ˈɡrɤiʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gruișes ˈɡrɤiʃɛs
dative	gruișa ˈɡrɤiʃa	gruișen ˈɡrɤiʃɛn	gruișerín ˈɡrɤiʃɛriːn
accusative	gruișt ɡrɤiʃt	gruișest ˈɡrɤiʃɛst	gruișerid ˈɡrɤiʃɛrid
instrumental	gruișúr ˈɡrɤiʃuːr	gruișevúr ˈɡrɤiʃɛvuːr	gruișeríe ˈɡrɤiʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gruiș, from Old Radestrian grŭišjer, from Proto-Radic *grıwer, *grıwišjir, from Proto-Hirdic *ḡrəkhwés, from Proto-Laenkean *gr̥-k(ʰ)wé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gar- (big).

gylis nouninanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈɡilis

GEN.SG gylig DAT.SG gyliva NOM.PL gyliè GEN₂.PL gyljes ADJ gylíș

cone

	singular	plural
nominative	gylis ˈɡilis	gyliè ˈɡili.ɛ
vocative	gylise ˈɡilisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gylig ˈɡiliɡ	gylíris ɡiˈliːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gyljes ˈɡi.ɛs
dative	gyliva ˈɡiliva	gylírín ɡiˈliːriːn
accusative	gylid ˈɡilid	gylírid ɡiˈliːrid
instrumental	gylivúr ˈɡilivuːr	gylíríe ɡiˈliːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gyliss, from Old Radestrian ŋylīr, from Proto-Radic *ŋylijir, from Proto-Hirdic *ŋýliḵis (peak), from Proto-Laenkean *ŋyl-yk-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn).

gylt verbtransitive03/08/2026

ɡilt

NPST.1S gylge PST.1S gylei PRESPART gylivú PSPART gyvúl

1. to turn, to rotate

2. to wind, to wind up

3. to cause, to create, to make

4. to cause, to make (something/someone to do = e (that) + optative)

nonfinite forms
infinitive	gylt ɡilt
connegative	gylta ˈɡilta
supine	gyltúr ˈɡiltuːr
participle	present	adjectival	gyliș ˈɡiliʃ
adverbial	gylivú ˈɡilivuː
past	adjectival	gyvúș ˈɡivuːʃ
adverbial	gyvúl ˈɡivuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		gylga ˈɡilɡa	gylgúș ˈɡilɡuːʃ		gylguoș ˈɡilɡuoʃ		gylgovú ˈɡilɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	gylge ˈɡilɡɛ	gylș ɡilʃ	gylg ɡilɡ	gylguos ˈɡilɡuos	gylguote ɡilˈɡuotɛ	gylgú ˈɡilɡuː
past	gylei ˈɡilei	gylen ˈɡilɛn	gyleș ˈɡilɛʃ	gyle ˈɡilɛ	gyluos ˈɡiluos	gyluote ɡiˈluotɛ	gylú ˈɡiluː
subjunctive	non-past	gylgai ˈɡilɡai	gylgá ˈɡilɡaː	gylgaș ˈɡilɡaʃ	gylga ˈɡilɡa	gylgavuos ˈɡilɡavuos	gylgavuote ˈɡilɡavuotɛ	gylgavú ˈɡilɡavuː
past	gylai ˈɡilai	gylain ˈɡilain	gylaiș ˈɡilaiʃ	gylai ˈɡilai	gylavuos ˈɡilavuos	gylavuote ˈɡilavuotɛ	gylavú ˈɡilavuː
optative	non-past	gylgúe ɡilˈɡuːɛ	gylgova ˈɡilɡɔva	gylgúș ˈɡilɡuːʃ	gylgú ˈɡilɡuː	gylgovuos ˈɡilɡɔvuos	gylgovuote ˈɡilɡɔvuotɛ	gylgovú ˈɡilɡɔvuː
past	gylevei ˈɡilɛvei	gyleven ˈɡilɛvɛn	gyleveș ˈɡilɛvɛʃ	gyleve ˈɡilɛvɛ	gylevuos ˈɡilɛvuos	gylevuote ˈɡilɛvuotɛ	gylevú ˈɡilɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	gylgriè, gyldriè (literary) ˈɡilɡri.ɛ ˈɡildri.ɛ	gylgrin, gyldrin (literary) ˈɡilɡrin ˈɡildrin	gylgriș, gyldriș (literary) ˈɡilɡriʃ ˈɡildriʃ	gylgri, gyldri (literary) ˈɡilɡri ˈɡildri	gylgúris ɡilˈɡuːris	gylgúrite ɡilˈɡuːritɛ	gylgúri ɡilˈɡuːri
past	gyleriè ɡiˈlɛri.ɛ	gylerin ˈɡilɛrin	gyleriș ˈɡilɛriʃ	gyleri ˈɡilɛri	gylúris ɡiˈluːris	gylúrite ɡiˈluːritɛ	gylúri ɡiˈluːri
subjunctive	non-past	gylgariè ɡilˈɡari.ɛ	gylgarin ˈɡilɡarin	gylgariș ˈɡilɡariʃ	gylgari ˈɡilɡari	gylgavúris ˈɡilɡavuːris	gylgavúrite ˈɡilɡavuːritɛ	gylgavúri ˈɡilɡavuːri
past	gylairiè ɡiˈlairi.ɛ	gylairin ɡiˈlairin	gylairiș ɡiˈlairiʃ	gylairi ɡiˈlairi	gylavúris ˈɡilavuːris	gylavúrite ˈɡilavuːritɛ	gylavúri ˈɡilavuːri
optative	non-past	gylgúriè ɡilˈɡuːri.ɛ	gylgúrin ɡilˈɡuːrin	gylgúriș ɡilˈɡuːriʃ	gylgúri ɡilˈɡuːri	gylgovúris ˈɡilɡɔvuːris	gylgovúrite ˈɡilɡɔvuːritɛ	gylgovúri ˈɡilɡɔvuːri
past	gyleveriè ɡiˈlɛvɛri.ɛ	gyleverin ɡiˈlɛvɛrin	gyleveriș ɡiˈlɛvɛriʃ	gyleveri ɡiˈlɛvɛri	gylevúris ˈɡilɛvuːris	gylevúrite ˈɡilɛvuːritɛ	gylevúri ˈɡilɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	gyldruot ˈɡildruot
connegative	gyldruota ɡilˈdruota
supine	gyldruotúr ɡilˈdruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	gyldruviș ˈɡildruviʃ
adverbial	gyldruvivú ɡilˈdruvivuː
past	adjectival	gyvuokș ɡiˈvuokʃ
adverbial	gyvúk ˈɡivuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		gylgrúa, gyldrúa (literary) ɡilˈɡruːa ɡilˈdruːa	gylgruvúș, gyldruvúș (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːʃ ˈɡildruvuːʃ		gylgruvuoș, gyldruvuoș (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuoʃ ˈɡildruvuoʃ		gylgruvovú, gyldruvovú (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuː ɡilˈdruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	gylgrúe, gyldrúe (literary) ɡilˈɡruːɛ ɡilˈdruːɛ	gylgruva, gyldruva (literary) ˈɡilɡruva ˈɡildruva	gylgrúș, gyldrúș (literary) ˈɡilɡruːʃ ˈɡildruːʃ	gylgrú, gyldrú (literary) ˈɡilɡruː ˈɡildruː	gylgruvuos, gyldruvuos (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuos ˈɡildruvuos	gylgruvuote, gyldruvuote (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuotɛ ˈɡildruvuotɛ	gylgruvú, gyldruvú (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuː ˈɡildruvuː
past	gyldruvei ˈɡildruvei	gyldruven ˈɡildruvɛn	gyldruveș ˈɡildruvɛʃ	gyldruve ˈɡildruvɛ	gyldruvuos ˈɡildruvuos	gyldruvuote ˈɡildruvuotɛ	gyldruvú ˈɡildruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	gylgruvai, gyldruvai (literary) ˈɡilɡruvai ˈɡildruvai	gylgruvá, gyldruvá (literary) ˈɡilɡruvaː ˈɡildruvaː	gylgruvaș, gyldruvaș (literary) ˈɡilɡruvaʃ ˈɡildruvaʃ	gylgruva, gyldruva (literary) ˈɡilɡruva ˈɡildruva	gylgruvavuos, gyldruvavuos (literary) ɡilˈɡruvavuos ɡilˈdruvavuos	gylgruvavuote, gyldruvavuote (literary) ɡilˈɡruvavuotɛ ɡilˈdruvavuotɛ	gylgruvavú, gyldruvavú (literary) ɡilˈɡruvavuː ɡilˈdruvavuː
past	gyldruvai ˈɡildruvai	gyldruvain ˈɡildruvain	gyldruvaiș ˈɡildruvaiʃ	gyldruvai ˈɡildruvai	gyldruvavuos ɡilˈdruvavuos	gyldruvavuote ɡilˈdruvavuotɛ	gyldruvavú ɡilˈdruvavuː
optative	non-past	gylgruvúe, gyldruvúe (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːɛ ˈɡildruvuːɛ	gylgruvova, gyldruvova (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔva ɡilˈdruvɔva	gylgruvúș, gyldruvúș (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːʃ ˈɡildruvuːʃ	gylgruvú, gyldruvú (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuː ˈɡildruvuː	gylgruvovuos, gyldruvovuos (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuos ɡilˈdruvɔvuos	gylgruvovuote, gyldruvovuote (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuotɛ ɡilˈdruvɔvuotɛ	gylgruvovú, gyldruvovú (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuː ɡilˈdruvɔvuː
past	gyldruvevei ɡilˈdruvɛvei	gyldruveven ɡilˈdruvɛvɛn	gyldruveveș ɡilˈdruvɛvɛʃ	gyldruveve ɡilˈdruvɛvɛ	gyldruvevuos ɡilˈdruvɛvuos	gyldruvevuote ɡilˈdruvɛvuotɛ	gyldruvevú ɡilˈdruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	gylgrúriè, gyldrúriè (literary) ɡilˈɡruːri.ɛ ɡilˈdruːri.ɛ	gylgrúrin, gyldrúrin (literary) ɡilˈɡruːrin ɡilˈdruːrin	gylgrúriș, gyldrúriș (literary) ɡilˈɡruːriʃ ɡilˈdruːriʃ	gylgrúri, gyldrúri (literary) ɡilˈɡruːri ɡilˈdruːri	gylgruvúris, gyldruvúris (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːris ˈɡildruvuːris	gylgruvúrite, gyldruvúrite (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːritɛ ˈɡildruvuːritɛ	gylgruvúri, gyldruvúri (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːri ˈɡildruvuːri
past	gyldruveriè ɡilˈdruvɛri.ɛ	gyldruverin ɡilˈdruvɛrin	gyldruveriș ɡilˈdruvɛriʃ	gyldruveri ɡilˈdruvɛri	gyldruvúris ˈɡildruvuːris	gyldruvúrite ˈɡildruvuːritɛ	gyldruvúri ˈɡildruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	gylgruvariè, gyldruvariè (literary) ɡilˈɡruvari.ɛ ɡilˈdruvari.ɛ	gylgruvarin, gyldruvarin (literary) ɡilˈɡruvarin ɡilˈdruvarin	gylgruvariș, gyldruvariș (literary) ɡilˈɡruvariʃ ɡilˈdruvariʃ	gylgruvari, gyldruvari (literary) ɡilˈɡruvari ɡilˈdruvari	gylgruvavúris, gyldruvavúris (literary) ɡilˈɡruvavuːris ɡilˈdruvavuːris	gylgruvavúrite, gyldruvavúrite (literary) ɡilˈɡruvavuːritɛ ɡilˈdruvavuːritɛ	gylgruvavúri, gyldruvavúri (literary) ɡilˈɡruvavuːri ɡilˈdruvavuːri
past	gyldruvairiè ˈɡildruvairi.ɛ	gyldruvairin ˈɡildruvairin	gyldruvairiș ˈɡildruvairiʃ	gyldruvairi ˈɡildruvairi	gyldruvavúris ɡilˈdruvavuːris	gyldruvavúrite ɡilˈdruvavuːritɛ	gyldruvavúri ɡilˈdruvavuːri
optative	non-past	gylgruvúriè, gyldruvúriè (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːri.ɛ ˈɡildruvuːri.ɛ	gylgruvúrin, gyldruvúrin (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːrin ˈɡildruvuːrin	gylgruvúriș, gyldruvúriș (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːriʃ ˈɡildruvuːriʃ	gylgruvúri, gyldruvúri (literary) ˈɡilɡruvuːri ˈɡildruvuːri	gylgruvovúris, gyldruvovúris (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuːris ɡilˈdruvɔvuːris	gylgruvovúrite, gyldruvovúrite (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuːritɛ ɡilˈdruvɔvuːritɛ	gylgruvovúri, gyldruvovúri (literary) ɡilˈɡruvɔvuːri ɡilˈdruvɔvuːri
past	gyldruveveriè ɡilˈdruvɛvɛri.ɛ	gyldruveverin ɡilˈdruvɛvɛrin	gyldruveveriș ɡilˈdruvɛvɛriʃ	gyldruveveri ɡilˈdruvɛvɛri	gyldruvevúris ɡilˈdruvɛvuːris	gyldruvevúrite ɡilˈdruvɛvuːritɛ	gyldruvevúri ɡilˈdruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian gylt, from Old Radestrian ŋyltt, from Proto-Radic *ŋylht, from Proto-Hirdic *ŋyl-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn).

gyvs nouninanimatecountable24/08/2026

ɡifs

GEN.SG gyvu NOM.PL gyve

1.time time, occurrence, occasion

2.hinge

	singular	plural
nominative	gyvs ɡifs	gyve ˈɡivɛ
vocative	gyvse ˈɡifsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gyvu ˈɡivu	gyviris ˈɡiviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gyvis ˈɡivis
dative	gyva ˈɡiva	gyvirín ˈɡiviriːn
accusative	gyvd ɡivd	gyvirid ˈɡivirid
instrumental	gyvúr ˈɡivuːr	gyviríe ˈɡiviriːɛ

Deverbal of gylt (to turn).

gyvuozs nouninanimatecountable11/09/2026

ˈɡivuoz

GEN.SG gyvuozg NOM.PL gyvuoze ADJ gyvúziș

future

	singular	plural
nominative	gyvuozs ˈɡivuoz	gyvuoze ɡiˈvuozɛ
vocative	gyvuozse ɡiˈvuozɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gyvuozg ɡiˈvuozɡ	gyvúziris ɡiˈvuːziris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gyvúzis ɡiˈvuːzis
dative	gyvúza ɡiˈvuːza	gyvúzirín ɡiˈvuːziriːn
accusative	gyvuozd ɡiˈvuozd	gyvúzirid ɡiˈvuːzirid
instrumental	gyvúzúr ɡiˈvuːzuːr	gyvúziríe ɡiˈvuːziriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gyvúzs, from Old Radestrian ŋylūðs, from Proto-Radic *ŋylūðs (future, fate), from Proto-Hirdic *ŋýlūdhɯs, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋyl-ɯwdʱ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn), equivalent to gylt + -uozs.

gvas nounanimatecountable26/07/2026

ɡvas

GEN.SG gvask NOM.PL gvase ADJ gvasiș

ghost, apparition

	singular	plural
nominative	gvas ɡvas	gvase ˈɡvasɛ
vocative	gvase ˈɡvasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gvask ɡvask	gvasiris ˈɡvasiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gvasis ˈɡvasis
dative	gvasa ˈɡvasa	gvasirín ˈɡvasiriːn
accusative	gvast ɡvast	gvasirid ˈɡvasirid
instrumental	gvasúr ˈɡvasuːr	gvasiríe ˈɡvasiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gvass, from Old Radestrian glaþs, from Proto-Radic *galþþs, from Proto-Hirdic *gáltthəs, from Proto-Laenkean *ᵑgaltʰ-tʰ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgaltʰ- (dull shine).

gvașús nouninanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈɡvaʃuːs

GEN.SG gvașuvu NOM.PL gvașúe ADJ gvașuviș

sapphire

	singular	plural
nominative	gvașús ˈɡvaʃuːs	gvașúe ɡvaˈʃuːɛ
vocative	gvașúse ɡvaˈʃuːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gvașuvu ˈɡvaʃuvu	gvașuviris ɡvaˈʃuviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gvașuvis ˈɡvaʃuvis
dative	gvașuva ˈɡvaʃuva	gvașuvirín ɡvaˈʃuviriːn
accusative	gvașúd ˈɡvaʃuːd	gvașuvirid ɡvaˈʃuvirid
instrumental	gvașuvúr ˈɡvaʃuvuːr	gvașuviríe ɡvaˈʃuviriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gvașús, from Old Radestrian glašulro, from Proto-Radic *golšulur, from Proto-Hirdic *gólc̱ulus, from Proto-Laenkean *ᵑgolc-ol-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgolc- (precious stone).

gvieș nouninanimatecountable26/07/2026

ɡvieʃ

GEN.SG gvieșk NOM.PL gvieșe ADJ gvíșeș

1.bat

2.racket

3.slang dick, penis

	singular	plural
nominative	gvieș ɡvieʃ	gvieșe ˈɡvieʃɛ
vocative	gvieșe ˈɡvieʃɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gvieșk ɡvieʃk	gvíșeris ˈɡviːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gvíșes ˈɡviːʃɛs
dative	gvíșa ˈɡviːʃa	gvíșerín ˈɡviːʃɛriːn
accusative	gvieșt ɡvieʃt	gvíșerid ˈɡviːʃɛrid
instrumental	gvíșúr ˈɡviːʃuːr	gvíșeríe ˈɡviːʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gvéșș, from Old Radestrian glǫšro, from Proto-Radic *gǫlšur, from Proto-Hirdic *gɤ̄́lc̱us, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgojlc- (pole, stick).

gvorþs nouninanimateuncountable26/07/2026

ɡvɔrθs

GEN.SG gvorsk ADJ gvorðiș

sweat

	singular
nominative	gvorþs ɡvɔrθs
vocative	gvorþse ˈɡvɔrθsɛ
genitive	gvorsk ɡvɔrsk
dative	gvorða ˈɡvɔrða
accusative	gvorst ɡvɔrst
instrumental	gvorðúr ˈɡvɔrðuːr

From Middle Radestrian gvaurþs, from Old Radestrian gwaurþro, from Proto-Radic *gwawurþur, from Proto-Hirdic *gwóp̄uzthus, from Proto-Laenkean *gwo<po>z-tʰ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gwoz- (to be damp).

gvûla nouninanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈɡvɤla

GEN.SG gvolusk NOM.PL gvolunte | gvolore ADJ gvoluș

anatomy hand, wrist

	singular	plural
binary	true
nominative	gvûla ˈɡvɤla	gvolunte ˈɡvɔlɤntɛ	gvolore ˈɡvɔlɔrɛ
vocative	gvolose ˈɡvɔlɔsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gvolusk ˈɡvɔlɤsk	gvoluntis ˈɡvɔlɤntis	gvoloris ˈɡvɔlɔris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gvolus ˈɡvɔlɤs
dative	gvolun ˈɡvɔlɤn	gvoluntín ˈɡvɔlɤntiːn	gvolorín ˈɡvɔlɔriːn
accusative	gvolust ˈɡvɔlɤst	gvoluntid ˈɡvɔlɤntid	gvolorid ˈɡvɔlɔrid
instrumental	gvolovúr ˈɡvɔlɔvuːr	gvoluntíe ɡvɔˈlɤntiːɛ	gvoloríe ˈɡvɔlɔriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gvulra, from Old Radestrian ŋlŭðra, from Proto-Radic *ŋlıðor, from Proto-Hirdic *ŋlədhós, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋl̥-dʱó-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn).

gvuoș nouninanimatecountable24/08/2026

ɡvuoʃ

GEN.SG gvuoșk DAT.SG gvúșa NOM.PL gvuoșe ADJ gvúșeș

geology rock, stone

Synonym: raoþs

	singular	plural
nominative	gvuoș ɡvuoʃ	gvuoșe ˈɡvuoʃɛ
vocative	gvuoșe ˈɡvuoʃɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	gvuoșk ɡvuoʃk	gvúșeris ˈɡvuːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	gvúșes ˈɡvuːʃɛs
dative	gvúșa ˈɡvuːʃa	gvúșerín ˈɡvuːʃɛriːn
accusative	gvuoșt ɡvuoʃt	gvúșerid ˈɡvuːʃɛrid
instrumental	gvúșúr ˈɡvuːʃuːr	gvúșeríe ˈɡvuːʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gvúșș, from Old Radestrian glūšro, from Proto-Radic *gūlšur, from Proto-Hirdic *gū́lc̱us, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgɯwlc- (stone, rock).

ha¹ preposition26/07/2026

Homophones: ha²

1.+ dative

1.spatial denotes posterior position; behind

2.temporal denotes later occurrence; after

Rá slavun-âleș. It was after the war.

3.spatial temporal denotes delay from the present; in, after

Ha ara lenireljes tuolga la taișt. In one kilometre, turn left.

Irarvaus ha líra. Lift-off in three.

4.abstract for

1. denotes support; behind

Ú vanga vage. I’m all for it.

2. denotes cost

Býșei kad ha reșvatín asties! I bought this for two-hundred astirs!

2.+ accusative

1.spatial denotes posterior approach; after, behind

Sjușeș vesta. He ran after me.

2.temporal denotes a duration in the future; for

Fjûka ha sjaud varstus. Boil for ten minutes.

3.abstract

1. denotes a topic; about, on, of

2.for

1. denotes representation

Vaoș[[a>ă]]i ardesirid gjøș rasta dișe? Did he do all the work for you?

2. denotes objective, purpose or goal

Fvelguote ha stișvirid, dve gjøn? We’re going out for some snacks, you in?

ha erșest [[a>ă]]s ledyșeng in the interest of safety (lit. for the purpose of safety)

+ a	+ a’	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
r’[[a>ă]]^△ ra	r’[[a>ă]]’^△ ra	r’[[a>ă]]g^△ raɡ	r’[[a>ă]]i^△ rai	r’i^△ ri	r’u^△ ru

case	personal
SG	PL	REFL	RECP
1	2	3	1	2	3
ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL	ANIM	INAN
ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
dative	venga ˈvɛŋɡa	ranga ˈraŋɡa	vânga ˈvɤŋɡa	vanga ˈvaŋɡa	dzmenga ˈdzmɛŋɡa	dzanga ˈdzaŋɡa	sjánga ˈʃaːŋɡa	vjenga ˈvjɛŋɡa	vainga ˈvaiŋɡa	dzinga ˈdziŋɡa	dzjenga ˈdʒɛŋɡa
accusative	vesta ˈvɛsta	rasta ˈrasta	vâsta ˈvɤsta	vasta ˈvasta	dzmeda ˈdzmɛda	dzada ˈdzada	sjáda ˈʃaːda	vjeda ˈvjɛda	vaida ˈvaida	dzista ˈdzista	dzjeda ˈdʒɛda
case	number	interrogative- existential	demonstrative	quantifier
ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite	general indefinite	collective
ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
dative	SG	bjára ˈbjaːra	binga ˈbiŋɡa	kara ˈkara	okara ˈɔkara	bára ˈbaːra	bunga ˈbɤŋɡa	bjára-vá ˈbjaːravaː	binga-vá ˈbiŋɡavaː	vára ˈvaːra	uvara ˈuvara
PL	bjainga ˈbjaiŋɡa	bjenga ˈbjɛŋɡa	tenga ˈtɛŋɡa	otenga ɔˈtɛŋɡa	baunga ˈbauŋɡa	bønga ˈbœŋɡa	bjainga-vá ˈbjaiŋɡavaː	bjenga-vá ˈbjɛŋɡavaː
accusative	SG	bjásta ˈbjaːsta	bista ˈbista	kada ˈkada	okada ˈɔkada	byesta ˈbiesta	busta ˈbɤsta	bjásta-vá ˈbjaːstavaː	bista-vá ˈbistavaː	vaosta ˈvɔːsta	utada ˈutada
PL	bjaida ˈbjaida	bjeda ˈbjɛda	teda ˈtɛda	oteda ˈɔtɛda	bauda ˈbauda	bøda ˈbœda	bjaida-vá ˈbjaidavaː	bjeda-vá ˈbjɛdavaː

From Middle Radestrian hra, from Old Radestrian hra, from Proto-Radic *har, from Proto-Hirdic *p̄os, from Proto-Laenkean *pos (after).

ha² preposition+ genitive03/08/2026

Homophones: ha¹

1.spatial denotes superior departure; off, from

Rá rỉng hjaoșeș. He fell off the roof.

2.abstract than

Synonym: raș²

+ a	+ a’	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
r’[[a>ă]]^△ ra	r’[[a>ă]]’^△ ra	r’[[a>ă]]g^△ raɡ	r’[[a>ă]]i^△ rai	r’i^△ ri	r’u^△ ru

case	personal
SG	PL	REFL	RECP
1	2	3	1	2	3
ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL	ANIM	INAN
ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
genitive	veska ˈvɛska	raska ˈraska	vâska ˈvɤska	vaska ˈvaska	dzmesa ˈdzmɛsa	dzasa ˈdzasa	sjása ˈʃaːsa	vjesa ˈvjɛsa	vaisa ˈvaisa	dziska ˈdziska	dzjesa ˈdʒɛsa
case	number	interrogative- existential	demonstrative	quantifier
ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite	general indefinite	collective
ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
genitive	SG	bjáska ˈbjaːska	biska ˈbiska	kuora^△ ˈkuora	okuora^△ ɔˈkuora	byeska ˈbieska	buska ˈbɤska	bjáska-vá ˈbjaːskavaː	biska-vá ˈbiskavaː	vaoska ˈvɔːska	utuora^△ uˈtuora
PL	bjaisa ˈbjaisa	bjesa ˈbjɛsa	tesa ˈtɛsa	otesa ˈɔtɛsa	bausa ˈbausa	bøsa ˈbœsa	bjaisa-vá ˈbjaisavaː	bjesa-vá ˈbjɛsavaː

From Middle Radestrian hra, from Old Radestrian hra, from Proto-Radic *hır, from Proto-Hirdic *ḵɯs, from Proto-Laenkean *kɯs (off).

ha- prefix12/09/2026

ˈha- ha-

off-, down-, de-, sub-

Antonym: er- (sur-)

See ha² (off).

hâca nouninanimateuncountable26/07/2026

ˈhɤtsa

GEN.SG hâcisk ADJ hâciș

ash, ashes

	singular
nominative	hâca ˈhɤtsa
vocative	hâcese ˈhɤtsɛsɛ
genitive	hâcisk ˈhɤtsisk
dative	hâcen ˈhɤtsɛn
accusative	hâcest ˈhɤtsɛst
instrumental	hâcevúr ˈhɤtsɛvuːr

From Middle Radestrian hutcra, from Old Radestrian hoccra, from Proto-Radic *hohcer, from Proto-Hirdic *p̄ohkés, from Proto-Laenkean *pŭh-kʼé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *poh- (to burn).

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