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-ylus suffixnominalinanimatecountable30/08/2026

-ilɤs

GEN.SG -ylvu NOM.PL -ylui ADJ -ylviș

Variant: -lus (after vowels)

chemistry derives alcohols and phenols; -ol

	singular	plural
nominative	-ylus -ilɤs	-ylui -ilɤi
vocative	-yluse -ilusɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	-ylvu -ilvu	-ylviris -ilviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	-ylvis -ilvis
dative	-ylva -ilva	-ylvirín -ilviriːn
accusative	-ylud -ilɤd	-ylvirid -ilvirid
instrumental	-ylvúr -ilvuːr	-ylviríe -ilviriːɛ

Back-formed from kylus or ankylus (alcohol).

yn preposition19/08/2026

1.+ dative spatial denotes position on a vertical or inferior surface; on, at

2.+ accusative

1.spatial denotes approach to a vertical or inferior surface; onto, to

2.spatial temporal to, until, up to

3.temporal by, for (a deadline)

+ a	+ a’	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
yn [[a>ă]] in a	yn [[a>ă]]’ in a	yn [[a>ă]]g in aɡ	yn [[a>ă]]i in ai	yn i in i	yn u in u

case	personal
SG	PL	REFL	RECP
1	2	3	1	2	3
ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL	ANIM	INAN
ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
dative	venyn ˈvɛnin	ranyn ˈranin	vânyn ˈvɤnin	vanyn ˈvanin	dzmenyn ˈdzmɛnin	dzanyn ˈdzanin	sjányn ˈʃaːnin	vjenyn ˈvjɛnin	vainyn ˈvainin	dzinyn ˈdzinin	dzjenyn ˈdʒɛnin
accusative	vestyn ˈvɛstin	rastyn ˈrastin	vâstyn ˈvɤstin	vastyn ˈvastin	dzmedyn ˈdzmɛdin	dzadyn ˈdzadin	sjádyn ˈʃaːdin	vjedyn ˈvjɛdin	vaidyn ˈvaidin	dzistyn ˈdzistin	dzjedyn ˈdʒɛdin
case	number	interrogative- existential	demonstrative	quantifier
ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite	general indefinite	collective
ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
dative	SG	bjáyn ˈbjaːin	binyn ˈbinin	kayn ˈka.in	okayn ˈɔka.in	báyn ˈbaːin	bunyn ˈbunin	bjáyn-á ˈbjaːinaː	binyn-á ˈbininaː	váyn ˈvaːin	uvayn ˈuva.in
PL	bjainyn ˈbjainin	bjenyn ˈbjɛnin	tenyn ˈtɛnin	otenyn ˈɔtɛnin	baunyn ˈbaunin	bønyn ˈbœnin	bjainyn-á ˈbjaininaː	bjenyn-á ˈbjɛninaː
accusative	SG	bjástyn ˈbjaːstin	bistyn ˈbistin	kadyn ˈkadin	okadyn ˈɔkadin	byestyn ˈbiestin	bustyn ˈbɤstin	bjástyn-á ˈbjaːstinaː	bistyn-á ˈbistinaː	vaostyn ˈvɔːstin	utadyn ˈutadin
PL	bjaidyn ˈbjaidin	bjedyn ˈbjɛdin	tedyn ˈtɛdin	otedyn ˈɔtɛdin	baudyn ˈbaudin	bødyn ˈbœdin	bjaidyn-á ˈbjaidinaː	bjedyn-á ˈbjɛdinaː

From earlier jýn, from Middle Radestrian jǿn, from Old Radestrian jø̄n, from Proto-Radic *jęn, from Proto-Hirdic *jø̄n, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟæwn (at).

ynș adverbuncomparable19/08/2026

inʃ

a bit, a little, kind of, sort of

From earlier jýnș, compare the development of the related yn, from Middle Radestrian jǿnș, from Old Radestrian jø̄nš, from Proto-Radic *jęnš, from Proto-Hirdic *jø̄́nhɯj, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟæwn-hɯɟ, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ɟæwn- (at, near).

ynvieat verbtransitive29/08/2026

ˈinviat

NPST.1S ynvíe PST.1S ynvíșei PRESPART ynvietivú PSPART ynvívúl

computing to upload (to = + dative)

Antonym: anvieat

nonfinite forms
infinitive	ynvieat ˈinviat
connegative	ynvieata inˈviata
supine	ynvieatúr inˈviatuːr
participle	present	adjectival	ynvietiș^△ inˈvietiʃ
adverbial	ynvietivú^△ inˈvietivuː
past	adjectival	ynvívúș inˈviːvuːʃ
adverbial	ynvívúl inˈviːvuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		ynvieà inˈviːa	ynvieúș inˈviːuːʃ		ynvieuoș inˈviːuoʃ		ynvieovú inˈviːɔvuː
indicative	non-past	ynvíe inˈviːɛ	ynvieaș ˈinviaʃ	ynvie ˈinvie	ynvieuos inˈviːuos	ynvieuote inˈviːuotɛ	ynvieú inˈviːuː
past	ynvíșei inˈviːʃei	ynvíșen inˈviːʃɛn	ynvíșeș inˈviːʃɛʃ	ynvíșe inˈviːʃɛ	ynvíșuos inˈviːʃuos	ynvíșuote inˈviːʃuotɛ	ynvíșú inˈviːʃuː
subjunctive	non-past	ynvieai inˈviːai	ynvieá inˈviːaː	ynvieàș inˈviːaʃ	ynvieà inˈviːa	ynvieàvuos inˈviːavuos	ynvieàvuote inˈviːavuotɛ	ynvieàvú inˈviːavuː
past	ynvíșai inˈviːʃai	ynvíșain inˈviːʃain	ynvíșaiș inˈviːʃaiʃ	ynvíșai inˈviːʃai	ynvíșavuos inˈviːʃavuos	ynvíșavuote inˈviːʃavuotɛ	ynvíșavú inˈviːʃavuː
optative	non-past	ynvieúe inˈviːuːɛ	ynvieova inˈviːɔva	ynvieúș inˈviːuːʃ	ynvieú inˈviːuː	ynvieovuos inˈviːɔvuos	ynvieovuote inˈviːɔvuotɛ	ynvieovú inˈviːɔvuː
past	ynvíșevei inˈviːʃɛvei	ynvíșeven inˈviːʃɛvɛn	ynvíșeveș inˈviːʃɛvɛʃ	ynvíșeve inˈviːʃɛvɛ	ynvíșevuos inˈviːʃɛvuos	ynvíșevuote inˈviːʃɛvuotɛ	ynvíșevú inˈviːʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	ynvieriè inˈvieri.ɛ	ynvierin inˈvierin	ynvieriș inˈvieriʃ	ynvieri inˈvieri	ynvieúris inˈviːuːris	ynvieúrite inˈviːuːritɛ	ynvieúri inˈviːuːri
past	ynvíșeriè inˈviːʃɛri.ɛ	ynvíșerin inˈviːʃɛrin	ynvíșeriș inˈviːʃɛriʃ	ynvíșeri inˈviːʃɛri	ynvíșúris inˈviːʃuːris	ynvíșúrite inˈviːʃuːritɛ	ynvíșúri inˈviːʃuːri
subjunctive	non-past	ynvieàriè inˈviːari.ɛ	ynvieàrin inˈviːarin	ynvieàriș inˈviːariʃ	ynvieàri inˈviːari	ynvieàvúris inˈviːavuːris	ynvieàvúrite inˈviːavuːritɛ	ynvieàvúri inˈviːavuːri
past	ynvíșairiè inˈviːʃairi.ɛ	ynvíșairin inˈviːʃairin	ynvíșairiș inˈviːʃairiʃ	ynvíșairi inˈviːʃairi	ynvíșavúris inˈviːʃavuːris	ynvíșavúrite inˈviːʃavuːritɛ	ynvíșavúri inˈviːʃavuːri
optative	non-past	ynvieúriè inˈviːuːri.ɛ	ynvieúrin inˈviːuːrin	ynvieúriș inˈviːuːriʃ	ynvieúri inˈviːuːri	ynvieovúris inˈviːɔvuːris	ynvieovúrite inˈviːɔvuːritɛ	ynvieovúri inˈviːɔvuːri
past	ynvíșeveriè inˈviːʃɛvɛri.ɛ	ynvíșeverin inˈviːʃɛvɛrin	ynvíșeveriș inˈviːʃɛvɛriʃ	ynvíșeveri inˈviːʃɛvɛri	ynvíșevúris inˈviːʃɛvuːris	ynvíșevúrite inˈviːʃɛvuːritɛ	ynvíșevúri inˈviːʃɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	ynvieruot inˈvieruot
connegative	ynvieruota inˈvieruota
supine	ynvieruotúr inˈvieruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	ynvietruviș^△ inˈvietruviʃ
adverbial	ynvietruvivú^△ inˈvietruvivuː
past	adjectival	ynvívuokș inˈviːvuokʃ
adverbial	ynvívúk inˈviːvuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		ynvierúa inˈvieruːa	ynvieruvúș inˈvieruvuːʃ		ynvieruvuoș inˈvieruvuoʃ		ynvieruvovú inˈvieruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	ynvierúe inˈvieruːɛ	ynvieruva inˈvieruva	ynvierúș inˈvieruːʃ	ynvierú inˈvieruː	ynvieruvuos inˈvieruvuos	ynvieruvuote inˈvieruvuotɛ	ynvieruvú inˈvieruvuː
past	ynvieștruvei inˈvieʃtruvei	ynvieștruven inˈvieʃtruvɛn	ynvieștruveș inˈvieʃtruvɛʃ	ynvieștruve inˈvieʃtruvɛ	ynvieștruvuos inˈvieʃtruvuos	ynvieștruvuote inˈvieʃtruvuotɛ	ynvieștruvú inˈvieʃtruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	ynvieruvai inˈvieruvai	ynvieruvá inˈvieruvaː	ynvieruvaș inˈvieruvaʃ	ynvieruva inˈvieruva	ynvieruvavuos inˈvieruvavuos	ynvieruvavuote inˈvieruvavuotɛ	ynvieruvavú inˈvieruvavuː
past	ynvieștruvai inˈvieʃtruvai	ynvieștruvain inˈvieʃtruvain	ynvieștruvaiș inˈvieʃtruvaiʃ	ynvieștruvai inˈvieʃtruvai	ynvieștruvavuos inˈvieʃtruvavuos	ynvieștruvavuote inˈvieʃtruvavuotɛ	ynvieștruvavú inˈvieʃtruvavuː
optative	non-past	ynvieruvúe inˈvieruvuːɛ	ynvieruvova inˈvieruvɔva	ynvieruvúș inˈvieruvuːʃ	ynvieruvú inˈvieruvuː	ynvieruvovuos inˈvieruvɔvuos	ynvieruvovuote inˈvieruvɔvuotɛ	ynvieruvovú inˈvieruvɔvuː
past	ynvieștruvevei inˈvieʃtruvɛvei	ynvieștruveven inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛn	ynvieștruveveș inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛʃ	ynvieștruveve inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛ	ynvieștruvevuos inˈvieʃtruvɛvuos	ynvieștruvevuote inˈvieʃtruvɛvuotɛ	ynvieștruvevú inˈvieʃtruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	ynvierúriè inˈvieruːri.ɛ	ynvierúrin inˈvieruːrin	ynvierúriș inˈvieruːriʃ	ynvierúri inˈvieruːri	ynvieruvúris inˈvieruvuːris	ynvieruvúrite inˈvieruvuːritɛ	ynvieruvúri inˈvieruvuːri
past	ynvieștruveriè inˈvieʃtruvɛri.ɛ	ynvieștruverin inˈvieʃtruvɛrin	ynvieștruveriș inˈvieʃtruvɛriʃ	ynvieștruveri inˈvieʃtruvɛri	ynvieștruvúris inˈvieʃtruvuːris	ynvieștruvúrite inˈvieʃtruvuːritɛ	ynvieștruvúri inˈvieʃtruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	ynvieruvariè inˈvieruvari.ɛ	ynvieruvarin inˈvieruvarin	ynvieruvariș inˈvieruvariʃ	ynvieruvari inˈvieruvari	ynvieruvavúris inˈvieruvavuːris	ynvieruvavúrite inˈvieruvavuːritɛ	ynvieruvavúri inˈvieruvavuːri
past	ynvieștruvairiè inˈvieʃtruvairi.ɛ	ynvieștruvairin inˈvieʃtruvairin	ynvieștruvairiș inˈvieʃtruvairiʃ	ynvieștruvairi inˈvieʃtruvairi	ynvieștruvavúris inˈvieʃtruvavuːris	ynvieștruvavúrite inˈvieʃtruvavuːritɛ	ynvieștruvavúri inˈvieʃtruvavuːri
optative	non-past	ynvieruvúriè inˈvieruvuːri.ɛ	ynvieruvúrin inˈvieruvuːrin	ynvieruvúriș inˈvieruvuːriʃ	ynvieruvúri inˈvieruvuːri	ynvieruvovúris inˈvieruvɔvuːris	ynvieruvovúrite inˈvieruvɔvuːritɛ	ynvieruvovúri inˈvieruvɔvuːri
past	ynvieștruveveriè inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛri.ɛ	ynvieștruveverin inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛrin	ynvieștruveveriș inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛriʃ	ynvieștruveveri inˈvieʃtruvɛvɛri	ynvieștruvevúris inˈvieʃtruvɛvuːris	ynvieștruvevúrite inˈvieʃtruvɛvuːritɛ	ynvieștruvevúri inˈvieʃtruvɛvuːri

From yn-² (ad-) + vjeat (to carry), influenced by other verbs ending in -vieat.

ynvies nouninanimatecountable29/08/2026

ˈinvies

GEN.SG ynvieg NOM.PL ynvíe ADJ anvỉș

computing upload

Antonym: anvies

	singular	plural
nominative	ynvies ˈinvies	ynvíe inˈviːɛ
vocative	ynviese inˈviesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ynvieg ˈinvieɡ	ynvỉris inˈviːːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ynvỉs ˈinviːːs
dative	ynvíva inˈviːva	ynvỉrín inˈviːːriːn
accusative	ynvied ˈinvied	ynvỉrid inˈviːːrid
instrumental	ynvívúr inˈviːvuːr	ynvỉríe inˈviːːriːɛ

Deverbal of ynvieat (to upload).

yrjelt verbintransitive20/08/2026

ˈirjɛlt

NPST.1S yrjelge PST.1S yrílei PRESPART yrjelivú PSPART yrívúl

to spin, to turn, to rotate

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yrjelt ˈirjɛlt
connegative	yrjelta iˈrjɛlta
supine	yrjeltúr iˈrjɛltuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yrjeliș ˈirjɛliʃ
adverbial	yrjelivú iˈrjɛlivuː
past	adjectival	yrívúș iˈriːvuːʃ
adverbial	yrívúl iˈriːvuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yrjelga iˈrjɛlɡa	yrjelgúș iˈrjɛlɡuːʃ		yrjelguoș iˈrjɛlɡuoʃ		yrjelgovú iˈrjɛlɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yrjelge iˈrjɛlɡɛ	yrjelș ˈirjɛlʃ	yrjelg ˈirjɛlɡ	yrjelguos iˈrjɛlɡuos	yrjelguote iˈrjɛlɡuotɛ	yrjelgú iˈrjɛlɡuː
past	yrílei iˈriːlei	yrílen iˈriːlɛn	yríleș iˈriːlɛʃ	yríle iˈriːlɛ	yríluos iˈriːluos	yríluote iˈriːluotɛ	yrílú iˈriːluː
subjunctive	non-past	yrjelgai iˈrjɛlɡai	yrjelgá iˈrjɛlɡaː	yrjelgaș iˈrjɛlɡaʃ	yrjelga iˈrjɛlɡa	yrjelgavuos iˈrjɛlɡavuos	yrjelgavuote iˈrjɛlɡavuotɛ	yrjelgavú iˈrjɛlɡavuː
past	yrílai iˈriːlai	yrílain iˈriːlain	yrílaiș iˈriːlaiʃ	yrílai iˈriːlai	yrílavuos iˈriːlavuos	yrílavuote iˈriːlavuotɛ	yrílavú iˈriːlavuː
optative	non-past	yrjelgúe iˈrjɛlɡuːɛ	yrjelgova iˈrjɛlɡɔva	yrjelgúș iˈrjɛlɡuːʃ	yrjelgú iˈrjɛlɡuː	yrjelgovuos iˈrjɛlɡɔvuos	yrjelgovuote iˈrjɛlɡɔvuotɛ	yrjelgovú iˈrjɛlɡɔvuː
past	yrílevei iˈriːlɛvei	yríleven iˈriːlɛvɛn	yríleveș iˈriːlɛvɛʃ	yríleve iˈriːlɛvɛ	yrílevuos iˈriːlɛvuos	yrílevuote iˈriːlɛvuotɛ	yrílevú iˈriːlɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yrjelgriè, yrjeldriè (literary) iˈrjɛlɡri.ɛ iˈrjɛldri.ɛ	yrjelgrin, yrjeldrin (literary) iˈrjɛlɡrin iˈrjɛldrin	yrjelgriș, yrjeldriș (literary) iˈrjɛlɡriʃ iˈrjɛldriʃ	yrjelgri, yrjeldri (literary) iˈrjɛlɡri iˈrjɛldri	yrjelgúris iˈrjɛlɡuːris	yrjelgúrite iˈrjɛlɡuːritɛ	yrjelgúri iˈrjɛlɡuːri
past	yríleriè iˈriːlɛri.ɛ	yrílerin iˈriːlɛrin	yríleriș iˈriːlɛriʃ	yríleri iˈriːlɛri	yrílúris iˈriːluːris	yrílúrite iˈriːluːritɛ	yrílúri iˈriːluːri
subjunctive	non-past	yrjelgariè iˈrjɛlɡari.ɛ	yrjelgarin iˈrjɛlɡarin	yrjelgariș iˈrjɛlɡariʃ	yrjelgari iˈrjɛlɡari	yrjelgavúris iˈrjɛlɡavuːris	yrjelgavúrite iˈrjɛlɡavuːritɛ	yrjelgavúri iˈrjɛlɡavuːri
past	yrílairiè iˈriːlairi.ɛ	yrílairin iˈriːlairin	yrílairiș iˈriːlairiʃ	yrílairi iˈriːlairi	yrílavúris iˈriːlavuːris	yrílavúrite iˈriːlavuːritɛ	yrílavúri iˈriːlavuːri
optative	non-past	yrjelgúriè iˈrjɛlɡuːri.ɛ	yrjelgúrin iˈrjɛlɡuːrin	yrjelgúriș iˈrjɛlɡuːriʃ	yrjelgúri iˈrjɛlɡuːri	yrjelgovúris iˈrjɛlɡɔvuːris	yrjelgovúrite iˈrjɛlɡɔvuːritɛ	yrjelgovúri iˈrjɛlɡɔvuːri
past	yríleveriè iˈriːlɛvɛri.ɛ	yríleverin iˈriːlɛvɛrin	yríleveriș iˈriːlɛvɛriʃ	yríleveri iˈriːlɛvɛri	yrílevúris iˈriːlɛvuːris	yrílevúrite iˈriːlɛvuːritɛ	yrílevúri iˈriːlɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian gyrílt, from Old Radestrian ŋyrīltt, from Proto-Radic *ŋyrīlht, from Proto-Hirdic *ŋýrīl-, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋy<ryp>l-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn). Sporadic loss of g-.

yrjes nounanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈirjɛs

GEN.SG yrjeg NOM.PL yrjei ADJ yrỉș

kinship niece’s spouse; nephew-in-law, niece-in-law

Coordinate term: gleðjes

	singular	plural
nominative	yrjes ˈirjɛs	yrjei ˈirjei
vocative	yrjese ˈirjɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	yrjeg ˈirjɛɡ	yrỉris iˈriːːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	yrỉs ˈiriːːs
dative	yríva iˈriːva	yrỉrín iˈriːːriːn
accusative	yrjed ˈirjɛd	yrỉrid iˈriːːrid
instrumental	yrívúr iˈriːvuːr	yrỉríe iˈriːːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian jyréss, from Old Radestrian jyrējre, from Proto-Radic *jwirējir, from Proto-Hirdic *jwiḏéḡiṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟwid-ég-et-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ɟwɯd- (younger female relative).

yrs nouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

irs

GEN.SG yru NOM.PL yre ADJ yriș

bait

	singular	plural
nominative	yrs irs	yre ˈirɛ
vocative	yrse ˈirsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	yru ˈiru	yriris ˈiriris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	yris ˈiris
dative	yra ˈira	yrirín ˈiririːn
accusative	yrd ird	yririd ˈiririd
instrumental	yrúr ˈiruːr	yriríe ˈiririːɛ

From Middle Radestrian yrs, from Old Radestrian yrre, from Proto-Radic *yrir, from Proto-Hirdic *ýsis, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ʔys- (to trap).

yșt verbtransitiveorauxiliary20/08/2026

iʃt

NPST.1S yșe PST.1S yșei PRESPART yșevú PSPART yșúl

to plan, to intend

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yșt iʃt
connegative	yșta ˈiʃta
supine	yștúr ˈiʃtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yșeș ˈiʃɛʃ
adverbial	yșevú ˈiʃɛvuː
past	adjectival	yșúș ˈiʃuːʃ
adverbial	yșúl ˈiʃuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yșa ˈiʃa	yșúș ˈiʃuːʃ		yșuoș ˈiʃuoʃ		yșovú ˈiʃɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yșe ˈiʃɛ	yș iʃ	yșuos ˈiʃuos	yșuote iˈʃuotɛ	yșú ˈiʃuː
past	yșei ˈiʃei	yșen ˈiʃɛn	yșeș ˈiʃɛʃ	yșe ˈiʃɛ
subjunctive	non-past	yșai ˈiʃai	yșá ˈiʃaː	yșaș ˈiʃaʃ	yșa ˈiʃa	yșavuos ˈiʃavuos	yșavuote ˈiʃavuotɛ	yșavú ˈiʃavuː
past	yșain ˈiʃain	yșaiș ˈiʃaiʃ	yșai ˈiʃai
optative	non-past	yșúe iˈʃuːɛ	yșova ˈiʃɔva	yșúș ˈiʃuːʃ	yșú ˈiʃuː	yșovuos ˈiʃɔvuos	yșovuote ˈiʃɔvuotɛ	yșovú ˈiʃɔvuː
past	yșevei ˈiʃɛvei	yșeven ˈiʃɛvɛn	yșeveș ˈiʃɛvɛʃ	yșeve ˈiʃɛvɛ	yșevuos ˈiʃɛvuos	yșevuote ˈiʃɛvuotɛ	yșevú ˈiʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yștriè ˈiʃtri.ɛ	yștrin ˈiʃtrin	yștriș ˈiʃtriʃ	yștri ˈiʃtri	yșúris iˈʃuːris	yșúrite iˈʃuːritɛ	yșúri iˈʃuːri
past	yșeriè iˈʃɛri.ɛ	yșerin ˈiʃɛrin	yșeriș ˈiʃɛriʃ	yșeri ˈiʃɛri
subjunctive	non-past	yșariè iˈʃari.ɛ	yșarin ˈiʃarin	yșariș ˈiʃariʃ	yșari ˈiʃari	yșavúris ˈiʃavuːris	yșavúrite ˈiʃavuːritɛ	yșavúri ˈiʃavuːri
past	yșairiè iˈʃairi.ɛ	yșairin iˈʃairin	yșairiș iˈʃairiʃ	yșairi iˈʃairi
optative	non-past	yșúriè iˈʃuːri.ɛ	yșúrin iˈʃuːrin	yșúriș iˈʃuːriʃ	yșúri iˈʃuːri	yșovúris ˈiʃɔvuːris	yșovúrite ˈiʃɔvuːritɛ	yșovúri ˈiʃɔvuːri
past	yșeveriè iˈʃɛvɛri.ɛ	yșeverin iˈʃɛvɛrin	yșeveriș iˈʃɛvɛriʃ	yșeveri iˈʃɛvɛri	yșevúris ˈiʃɛvuːris	yșevúrite ˈiʃɛvuːritɛ	yșevúri ˈiʃɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	yștruot ˈiʃtruot
connegative	yștruota iʃˈtruota
supine	yștruotúr iʃˈtruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	yștruviș ˈiʃtruviʃ
adverbial	yștruvivú iʃˈtruvivuː
past	adjectival	yșuokș iˈʃuokʃ
adverbial	yșúk ˈiʃuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		yștrúa iʃˈtruːa	yștruvúș ˈiʃtruvuːʃ		yștruvuoș ˈiʃtruvuoʃ		yștruvovú iʃˈtruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	yștrúe iʃˈtruːɛ	yștruva ˈiʃtruva	yștrúș ˈiʃtruːʃ	yștrú ˈiʃtruː	yștruvuos ˈiʃtruvuos	yștruvuote ˈiʃtruvuotɛ	yștruvú ˈiʃtruvuː
past	yștruvei ˈiʃtruvei	yștruven ˈiʃtruvɛn	yștruveș ˈiʃtruvɛʃ	yștruve ˈiʃtruvɛ
subjunctive	non-past	yștruvai ˈiʃtruvai	yștruvá ˈiʃtruvaː	yștruvaș ˈiʃtruvaʃ	yștruva ˈiʃtruva	yștruvavuos iʃˈtruvavuos	yștruvavuote iʃˈtruvavuotɛ	yștruvavú iʃˈtruvavuː
past	yștruvain ˈiʃtruvain	yștruvaiș ˈiʃtruvaiʃ	yștruvai ˈiʃtruvai
optative	non-past	yștruvúe ˈiʃtruvuːɛ	yștruvova iʃˈtruvɔva	yștruvúș ˈiʃtruvuːʃ	yștruvú ˈiʃtruvuː	yștruvovuos iʃˈtruvɔvuos	yștruvovuote iʃˈtruvɔvuotɛ	yștruvovú iʃˈtruvɔvuː
past	yștruvevei iʃˈtruvɛvei	yștruveven iʃˈtruvɛvɛn	yștruveveș iʃˈtruvɛvɛʃ	yștruveve iʃˈtruvɛvɛ	yștruvevuos iʃˈtruvɛvuos	yștruvevuote iʃˈtruvɛvuotɛ	yștruvevú iʃˈtruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	yștrúriè iʃˈtruːri.ɛ	yștrúrin iʃˈtruːrin	yștrúriș iʃˈtruːriʃ	yștrúri iʃˈtruːri	yștruvúris ˈiʃtruvuːris	yștruvúrite ˈiʃtruvuːritɛ	yștruvúri ˈiʃtruvuːri
past	yștruveriè iʃˈtruvɛri.ɛ	yștruverin iʃˈtruvɛrin	yștruveriș iʃˈtruvɛriʃ	yștruveri iʃˈtruvɛri
subjunctive	non-past	yștruvariè iʃˈtruvari.ɛ	yștruvarin iʃˈtruvarin	yștruvariș iʃˈtruvariʃ	yștruvari iʃˈtruvari	yștruvavúris iʃˈtruvavuːris	yștruvavúrite iʃˈtruvavuːritɛ	yștruvavúri iʃˈtruvavuːri
past	yștruvairiè ˈiʃtruvairi.ɛ	yștruvairin ˈiʃtruvairin	yștruvairiș ˈiʃtruvairiʃ	yștruvairi ˈiʃtruvairi
optative	non-past	yștruvúriè ˈiʃtruvuːri.ɛ	yștruvúrin ˈiʃtruvuːrin	yștruvúriș ˈiʃtruvuːriʃ	yștruvúri ˈiʃtruvuːri	yștruvovúris iʃˈtruvɔvuːris	yștruvovúrite iʃˈtruvɔvuːritɛ	yștruvovúri iʃˈtruvɔvuːri
past	yștruveveriè iʃˈtruvɛvɛri.ɛ	yștruveverin iʃˈtruvɛvɛrin	yștruveveriș iʃˈtruvɛvɛriʃ	yștruveveri iʃˈtruvɛvɛri	yștruvevúris iʃˈtruvɛvuːris	yștruvevúrite iʃˈtruvɛvuːritɛ	yștruvevúri iʃˈtruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian gjyșt, from Old Radestrian gyštt, from Proto-Radic *gwišht, from Proto-Hirdic *ḡwich-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *gwicʰ- (to ponder).

ytas nounanimatecountable26/07/2026

ˈitas

GEN.SG ytug NOM.PL ytai ADJ ytuiș

kinship grandniece, great-niece

Coordinate term: gletas

	singular	plural
nominative	ytas ˈitas	ytai ˈitai
vocative	ytase ˈitasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ytug ˈitɤɡ	ytairis iˈtairis
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ytais ˈitais
dative	ytá ˈitaː	ytairín iˈtairiːn
accusative	ytad ˈitad	ytairid iˈtairid
instrumental	ytavúr ˈitavuːr	ytairíe iˈtairiːɛ

From Middle Radestrian jythass, from Old Radestrian jythaur, from Proto-Radic *jwidhawur, from Proto-Hirdic *jwidkhóṯus, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟwid-kʰó-t-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ɟwɯd- (younger female relative).

ytsiers nounanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈitsiers

GEN.SG ytsíru NOM.PL ytsiere ADJ ytsíriș

zoology pigeon, dove

	singular	plural
nominative	ytsiers ˈitsiers	ytsiere iˈtsierɛ
vocative	ytsierse iˈtsiersɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ytsíru iˈtsiːru	ytsíriris iˈtsiːriris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ytsíris iˈtsiːris
dative	ytsíra iˈtsiːra	ytsírirín iˈtsiːririːn
accusative	ytsierd ˈitsierd	ytsíririd iˈtsiːririd
instrumental	ytsírúr iˈtsiːruːr	ytsíriríe iˈtsiːririːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gjytsérs, from Old Radestrian ǧytsǫrs, from Proto-Radic *ǧwitśǫrs, from Proto-Hirdic *ghwittjɤ̄́ḏ-, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱwitʼ=tjojd-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *gʱwitʼ- (smoke) + *tjojd- (to fly).

ytyes nounanimatecountable29/07/2026

ˈities

GEN.SG ytyeg NOM.PL ytýe ADJ ytỷș

kinship grandniece’s spouse; grandnephew-in-law, grandniece-in-law, great-nephew-in-law, great-niece-in-law

Coordinate term: gletyes

	singular	plural
nominative	ytyes ˈities	ytýe iˈtiːɛ
vocative	ytyese iˈtiesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ytyeg ˈitieɡ	ytỷris iˈtiːːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ytỷs ˈitiːːs
dative	ytýva iˈtiːva	ytỷrín iˈtiːːriːn
accusative	ytyed ˈitied	ytỷrid iˈtiːːrid
instrumental	ytývúr iˈtiːvuːr	ytỷríe iˈtiːːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian jythǿss, from Old Radestrian jythø̄jre, from Proto-Radic *jwidhwējir, from *jwidhawur (grandniece) + *-ējir (spouse of).

-ytys suffixnominalinanimatecountable04/09/2026

-itis

GEN.SG -ytivu NOM.PL -ytive ADJ -ytiviș

chemistry derives ketones; -one

	singular	plural
nominative	-ytys -itis	-ytive -itivɛ
vocative	-ytyse -itisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	-ytivu -itivu	-ytiviris -itiviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	-ytivis -itivis
dative	-ytiva -itiva	-ytivirín -itiviriːn
accusative	-ytyd -itid	-ytivirid -itivirid
instrumental	-ytivúr -itivuːr	-ytiviríe -itiviriːɛ

Back-formed from þrytys (acetone).

Ývas proper nounanimatein-world05/10/2026

ˈiːvas

GEN.SG Ývag NOM.PL Ývai

Variants: Ívas, Jývas

name Radestrian female given name; Yva

	singular	plural
nominative	Ývas ˈiːvas	Ývai ˈiːvai
vocative	Ývase ˈiːvasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	Ývag ˈiːvaɡ	Ývairis ˈiːvairis
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	Ývais ˈiːvais
dative	Ývá ˈiːvaː	Ývairín ˈiːvairiːn
accusative	Ývad ˈiːvad	Ývairid ˈiːvairid
instrumental	Ývavúr ˈiːvavuːr	Ývairíe ˈiːvairiːɛ

From Middle Radestrian Jývujass, Jývass, from Old Radestrian Jȳvvjass, from Proto-Radic *Jȳhvjahs, reinforced with *-ahs, from Proto-Hirdic *Jȳ́khbhəjəs, from Proto-Laenkean *ɟiwkʰ=bʱaj-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *ɟiwkʰ- (warm) + *bʱaj- (woman).

-yvs suffixnominalinanimatecountable04/09/2026

-ifs

GEN.SG -yvu NOM.PL -yve ADJ -yviș

chemistry derives sugars; -ose

	singular	plural
nominative	-yvs -ifs	-yve -ivɛ
vocative	-yvse -ifsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	-yvu -ivu	-yviris -iviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	-yvis -ivis
dative	-yva -iva	-yvirín -iviriːn
accusative	-yvd -ivd	-yvirid -ivirid
instrumental	-yvúr -ivuːr	-yviríe -iviriːɛ

Back-formed from fývyvs (glucose).

yzles nouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈizlɛs

GEN.SG yzlig DAT.SG yzleva NOM.PL yzlei GEN₂.PL yzlies ADJ yzlíș

candle

	singular	plural
nominative	yzles ˈizlɛs	yzlei ˈizlei
vocative	yzlese ˈizlɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	yzlig ˈizliɡ	yzlíris izˈliːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	yzlies ˈizlies
dative	yzleva ˈizlɛva	yzlírín izˈliːriːn
accusative	yzled ˈizlɛd	yzlírid izˈliːrid
instrumental	yzlevúr ˈizlɛvuːr	yzlíríe izˈliːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian gjyzless, from Old Radestrian gyðlēr, from Proto-Radic *gwiðlejir, from Proto-Hirdic *gwidhléṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *ᵑgwidʱ-lét-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgwæjdʱ- (to glow).

va- prefix21/08/2026

ˈva- va-

Variant: van- (prevocalic)

neo-, new

From Proto-Laenkean *bʱn̥-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱæ(j)n- (new).

-vá suffix23/07/2026

-vaː

Variant: -á (post-consonantal)

forms general indefinite pro-forms; any-

Clipping of vámbruotúr (to be wanted). See vámt.

vâbis nounanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvɤbis

GEN.SG vâbig NOM.PL vâbiè ADJ vâbíș

ghoul

	singular	plural
nominative	vâbis ˈvɤbis	vâbiè ˈvɤbi.ɛ
vocative	vâbise ˈvɤbisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vâbig ˈvɤbiɡ	vâbíris vɤˈbiːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vâbies ˈvɤbies
dative	vâbiva ˈvɤbiva	vâbírín vɤˈbiːriːn
accusative	vâbid ˈvɤbid	vâbírid vɤˈbiːrid
instrumental	vâbivúr ˈvɤbivuːr	vâbíríe vɤˈbiːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vubbiss, from Old Radestrian vobbīr, from Proto-Radic *vòhbijir, from Proto-Hirdic *bhɔ́ṯbiḵis, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱat=ᵐbik-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *bʱat- (eye) + *ᵐbik- (to damage, to harm).

vaca nouninanimatecountable11/09/2026

ˈvatsa

GEN.SG vacisk NOM.PL vacere ADJ vaciș

1. unnatural death, casualty, fatality

2.victim, killed person

The person must have died in the event in order to be referred to as a vaca (victim); otherwise, gaorvír (survivor) is used.

	singular	plural
nominative	vaca ˈvatsa	vacere ˈvatsɛrɛ
vocative	vacese ˈvatsɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vacisk ˈvatsisk	vaceris ˈvatsɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vacis ˈvatsis
dative	vacen ˈvatsɛn	vacerín ˈvatsɛriːn
accusative	vacest ˈvatsɛst	vacerid ˈvatsɛrid
instrumental	vacevúr ˈvatsɛvuːr	vaceríe ˈvatsɛriːɛ

In the sense of 'victim', the noun may take animate agreement in modern usage, though traditionally, it is an inanimate noun in all senses.

From Middle Radestrian vatcra, from Old Radestrian wahcræ, from Proto-Radic *wakcer, from Proto-Hirdic *wakkés, from Proto-Laenkean *wn̥kʼ-kʼé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *wankʼ- (to shrink, to shrivel, to be ill).

rabs

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