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vauspronounquantifieranimate20/08/2026

vaus

GEN.SG vaosk | vaotú

	singular
short	long
nominative	vaus vaus
genitive	vaosk vɔːsk	vaotú ˈvɔːtuː
dative	vá^△ vaː
accusative	vaost vɔːst	vaotad ˈvɔːtad
instrumental	vaobúr ˈvɔːbuːr

From Middle Radestrian vaus, from Old Radestrian vawr, from Proto-Radic *vawr, from Proto-Hirdic *bháwəs, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱaw(n)- (all).

-vaussuffixnominal27/05/2026

-vaus

GEN.SG -vovu DAT.SG -vava NOM.PL -voe

alternative form of -gaus

	singular	plural
nominative	-vaus -vaus	-voe -vɔ.ɛ
vocative	-vause -vausɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	-vovu -vɔvu	-vaviris -vaviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	-vavis -vavis
dative	-vava -vava	-vavirín -vaviriːn
accusative	-vaud -vaud	-vavirid -vavirid
instrumental	-vavúr -vavuːr	-vaviríe -vaviriːɛ

vâzșadverbuncomparable20/08/2026

vɤʒ

then, at that time

Synonym: hora

From older vâș, contaminated by kjezș, from Middle Radestrian vușș, from Old Radestrian lŭšš, from Proto-Radic *lıhš, from Proto-Hirdic *lɯ́hhɯj, from Proto-Laenkean *lɯh-hɯɟ, from the Proto-Laenkean root *(s)lɯh- (DIST).

veansnouninanimatecountable21/08/2026

væːns

GEN.SG vieng NOM.PL veane ADJ vieniș

blessing, boon

	singular	plural
nominative	veans væːns	veane ˈvæːnɛ
vocative	veanse ˈvæːnsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vieng vieŋɡ	veaniris ˈvæːniris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	veanis ˈvæːnis
dative	veana ˈvæːna	veanirín ˈvæːniriːn
accusative	veand væːnd	veanirid ˈvæːnirid
instrumental	veanúr ˈvæːnuːr	veaniríe ˈvæːniriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vians, from Old Radestrian viæns, from Proto-Radic *vijæns, from Proto-Hirdic *bhiṯǽnəs (gift), from Proto-Laenkean *bʱit-ǽn-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱæjt- (to give).

veasersnouninanimatecountable21/08/2026

ˈvæːsɛrs

GEN.SG veasiru NOM.PL veasere ADJ veasiriș

dinner, tea, supper

	singular	plural
nominative	veasers ˈvæːsɛrs	veasere ˈvæːsɛrɛ
vocative	veaserse ˈvæːsɛrsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	veasiru ˈvæːsiru	veaseriris ˈvæːsɛriris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	veaseris ˈvæːsɛris
dative	veasera ˈvæːsɛra	veaserirín ˈvæːsɛririːn
accusative	veaserd ˈvæːsɛrd	veaseririd ˈvæːsɛririd
instrumental	veaserúr ˈvæːsɛruːr	veaseriríe ˈvæːsɛririːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vehsers, from Old Radestrian vehþþers, from Proto-Radic *vehþþirs, from *vehþir (end of the day) + *þǫrs (food), equivalent to revese + þjers.

veatverbintransitive21/08/2026

væːt

NPST.1S vei PST.1S vișei PRESPART veșevú PSPART vevúl

to begin, to start, to commence

nonfinite forms
infinitive	veat væːt
connegative	veata ˈvæːta
supine	veatúr ˈvæːtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	veșeș ˈvɛʃɛʃ
adverbial	veșevú ˈvɛʃɛvuː
past	adjectival	vevúș ˈvɛvuːʃ
adverbial	vevúl ˈvɛvuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		veà ˈvɛ.a	veúș ˈvɛ.uːʃ		viuoș ˈvi.uoʃ		veovú ˈvɛ.ɔvuː
indicative	non-past	vei vai	veaș væːʃ	ve vɛ	viuos ˈvi.uos	viuote viˈuotɛ	viú ˈvi.uː
past	vișei ˈviʃei	vișen ˈviʃɛn	vișeș ˈviʃɛʃ	vișe ˈviʃɛ	vișuos ˈviʃuos	vișuote viˈʃuotɛ	vișú ˈviʃuː
subjunctive	non-past	veai ˈvɛ.ai	veá ˈvɛ.aː	veàș ˈvɛ.aʃ	veà ˈvɛ.a	veàvuos ˈvɛ.avuos	veàvuote ˈvɛ.avuotɛ	veàvú ˈvɛ.avuː
past	vișai ˈviʃai	vișain ˈviʃain	vișaiș ˈviʃaiʃ	vișai ˈviʃai	vișavuos ˈviʃavuos	vișavuote ˈviʃavuotɛ	vișavú ˈviʃavuː
optative	non-past	veúe vɛˈuːɛ	veova ˈvɛ.ɔva	veúș ˈvɛ.uːʃ	veú ˈvɛ.uː	veovuos ˈvɛ.ɔvuos	veovuote ˈvɛ.ɔvuotɛ	veovú ˈvɛ.ɔvuː
past	vișevei ˈviʃɛvei	vișeven ˈviʃɛvɛn	vișeveș ˈviʃɛvɛʃ	vișeve ˈviʃɛvɛ	vișevuos ˈviʃɛvuos	vișevuote ˈviʃɛvuotɛ	vișevú ˈviʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	veriè ˈvɛri.ɛ	verin ˈvɛrin	veriș ˈvɛriʃ	veri ˈvɛri	viúris viˈuːris	viúrite viˈuːritɛ	viúri viˈuːri
past	vișeriè viˈʃɛri.ɛ	vișerin ˈviʃɛrin	vișeriș ˈviʃɛriʃ	vișeri ˈviʃɛri	vișúris viˈʃuːris	vișúrite viˈʃuːritɛ	vișúri viˈʃuːri
subjunctive	non-past	veàriè vɛˈari.ɛ	veàrin ˈvɛ.arin	veàriș ˈvɛ.ariʃ	veàri ˈvɛ.ari	veàvúris ˈvɛ.avuːris	veàvúrite ˈvɛ.avuːritɛ	veàvúri ˈvɛ.avuːri
past	vișairiè viˈʃairi.ɛ	vișairin viˈʃairin	vișairiș viˈʃairiʃ	vișairi viˈʃairi	vișavúris ˈviʃavuːris	vișavúrite ˈviʃavuːritɛ	vișavúri ˈviʃavuːri
optative	non-past	veúriè vɛˈuːri.ɛ	veúrin vɛˈuːrin	veúriș vɛˈuːriʃ	veúri vɛˈuːri	veovúris ˈvɛ.ɔvuːris	veovúrite ˈvɛ.ɔvuːritɛ	veovúri ˈvɛ.ɔvuːri
past	vișeveriè viˈʃɛvɛri.ɛ	vișeverin viˈʃɛvɛrin	vișeveriș viˈʃɛvɛriʃ	vișeveri viˈʃɛvɛri	vișevúris ˈviʃɛvuːris	vișevúrite ˈviʃɛvuːritɛ	vișevúri ˈviʃɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian veht, from Old Radestrian vehtt (to begin), from Proto-Radic *vehht (to arise), from Proto-Hirdic *bheḵ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱek- (to arise).

vinca

velesnouninanimatecountable21/08/2026

ˈvɛlɛs

GEN.SG velig DAT.SG veleva NOM.PL velei GEN₂.PL velies ADJ velíș

wagon, cart, carriage

	singular	plural
nominative	veles ˈvɛlɛs	velei ˈvɛlei
vocative	velese ˈvɛlɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	velig ˈvɛliɡ	velíris vɛˈliːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	velies ˈvɛlies
dative	veleva ˈvɛlɛva	velírín vɛˈliːriːn
accusative	veled ˈvɛlɛd	velírid vɛˈliːrid
instrumental	velevúr ˈvɛlɛvuːr	velíríe vɛˈliːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian villess, from Old Radestrian villēr, from Proto-Radic *vihlejir, from Proto-Hirdic *bhiṯléṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱit-lét-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱajt- (to carry).

venișadjectivecomparable14/06/2026

ˈvɛniʃ

COMP vanuobș ADV vení

1.new

2.recent

degree	form
positive	veniș ˈvɛniʃ
comparative	vanuobș vaˈnuopʃ
superlative	vanúvaș vaˈnuːvaʃ
excessive	vanâbyș ˈvanɤbiʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
veniș ˈvɛniʃ	venișe ˈvɛniʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
venișa ˈvɛniʃa	venișa’ ˈvɛniʃa	venișag ˈvɛniʃaɡ	venișai ˈvɛniʃai	venișei, veniși (colloquial) ˈvɛniʃei ˈvɛniʃi	venișu ˈvɛniʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	venișe ˈvɛniʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	venișk ˈvɛniʃk	venișesk ˈvɛniʃɛsk	venișeris vɛˈniʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	venișes ˈvɛniʃɛs
dative	venișa ˈvɛniʃa	venișen ˈvɛniʃɛn	venișerín vɛˈniʃɛriːn
accusative	venișt ˈvɛniʃt	venișest ˈvɛniʃɛst	venișerid vɛˈniʃɛrid
instrumental	venișúr ˈvɛniʃuːr	venișevúr vɛˈniʃɛvuːr	venișeríe vɛˈniʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian veniș, from Old Radestrian venišjer, from Proto-Radic *vènišjir, *væns, from Proto-Hirdic *bhǽnəs, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱæ(j)n- (new).

va-

verisnouninanimatecountable21/08/2026

ˈvɛris

GEN.SG verig DAT.SG veriva NOM.PL veriè GEN₂.PL verjes ADJ veríș

1.period, interval, cycle

2.season (of the year)

	singular	plural
nominative	veris ˈvɛris	veriè ˈvɛri.ɛ
vocative	verise ˈvɛrisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	verig ˈvɛriɡ	veríris vɛˈriːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	verjes ˈvɛrjɛs
dative	veriva ˈvɛriva	verírín vɛˈriːriːn
accusative	verid ˈvɛrid	verírid vɛˈriːrid
instrumental	verivúr ˈvɛrivuːr	veríríe vɛˈriːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian veriss, from Old Radestrian verīr, from Proto-Radic *verijir, from Proto-Hirdic *bhéḏiḵis, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱe<de>k-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱek- (to arise).

verjetverbtransitive21/08/2026

ˈvɛrjɛt

NPST.1S verjete PST.1S verísei PRESPART verjestivú PSPART verítúl

to watch, to view, to look, to spectate, to observe

Synonym: vardt

nonfinite forms
infinitive	verjet ˈvɛrjɛt
connegative	verjeta ˈvɛrjɛta
supine	verjetúr ˈvɛrjɛtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	verjestiș vɛˈrjɛstiʃ
adverbial	verjestivú vɛˈrjɛstivuː
past	adjectival	verítúș vɛˈriːtuːʃ
adverbial	verítúl vɛˈriːtuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		verjeta ˈvɛrjɛta	verjetúș ˈvɛrjɛtuːʃ		verjetuoș ˈvɛrjɛtuoʃ		verjetovú vɛˈrjɛtɔvuː
indicative	non-past	verjete ˈvɛrjɛtɛ	verjetș ˈvɛrjɛtʃ	verjet ˈvɛrjɛt	verjetuos ˈvɛrjɛtuos	verjetuote ˈvɛrjɛtuotɛ	verjetú ˈvɛrjɛtuː
past	verísei vɛˈriːsei	verísen vɛˈriːsɛn	veríseș vɛˈriːsɛʃ	veríse vɛˈriːsɛ	verísuos vɛˈriːsuos	verísuote vɛˈriːsuotɛ	verísú vɛˈriːsuː
subjunctive	non-past	verjetai ˈvɛrjɛtai	verjetá ˈvɛrjɛtaː	verjetaș ˈvɛrjɛtaʃ	verjeta ˈvɛrjɛta	verjetavuos vɛˈrjɛtavuos	verjetavuote vɛˈrjɛtavuotɛ	verjetavú vɛˈrjɛtavuː
past	verísai vɛˈriːsai	verísain vɛˈriːsain	verísaiș vɛˈriːsaiʃ	verísai vɛˈriːsai	verísavuos vɛˈriːsavuos	verísavuote vɛˈriːsavuotɛ	verísavú vɛˈriːsavuː
optative	non-past	verjetúe ˈvɛrjɛtuːɛ	verjetova vɛˈrjɛtɔva	verjetúș ˈvɛrjɛtuːʃ	verjetú ˈvɛrjɛtuː	verjetovuos vɛˈrjɛtɔvuos	verjetovuote vɛˈrjɛtɔvuotɛ	verjetovú vɛˈrjɛtɔvuː
past	verísevei vɛˈriːsɛvei	veríseven vɛˈriːsɛvɛn	veríseveș vɛˈriːsɛvɛʃ	veríseve vɛˈriːsɛvɛ	verísevuos vɛˈriːsɛvuos	verísevuote vɛˈriːsɛvuotɛ	verísevú vɛˈriːsɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	verjetriè vɛˈrjɛtri.ɛ	verjetrin vɛˈrjɛtrin	verjetriș vɛˈrjɛtriʃ	verjetri vɛˈrjɛtri	verjetúris ˈvɛrjɛtuːris	verjetúrite ˈvɛrjɛtuːritɛ	verjetúri ˈvɛrjɛtuːri
past	veríseriè vɛˈriːsɛri.ɛ	veríserin vɛˈriːsɛrin	veríseriș vɛˈriːsɛriʃ	veríseri vɛˈriːsɛri	verísúris vɛˈriːsuːris	verísúrite vɛˈriːsuːritɛ	verísúri vɛˈriːsuːri
subjunctive	non-past	verjetariè vɛˈrjɛtari.ɛ	verjetarin vɛˈrjɛtarin	verjetariș vɛˈrjɛtariʃ	verjetari vɛˈrjɛtari	verjetavúris vɛˈrjɛtavuːris	verjetavúrite vɛˈrjɛtavuːritɛ	verjetavúri vɛˈrjɛtavuːri
past	verísairiè vɛˈriːsairi.ɛ	verísairin vɛˈriːsairin	verísairiș vɛˈriːsairiʃ	verísairi vɛˈriːsairi	verísavúris vɛˈriːsavuːris	verísavúrite vɛˈriːsavuːritɛ	verísavúri vɛˈriːsavuːri
optative	non-past	verjetúriè ˈvɛrjɛtuːri.ɛ	verjetúrin ˈvɛrjɛtuːrin	verjetúriș ˈvɛrjɛtuːriʃ	verjetúri ˈvɛrjɛtuːri	verjetovúris vɛˈrjɛtɔvuːris	verjetovúrite vɛˈrjɛtɔvuːritɛ	verjetovúri vɛˈrjɛtɔvuːri
past	veríseveriè vɛˈriːsɛvɛri.ɛ	veríseverin vɛˈriːsɛvɛrin	veríseveriș vɛˈriːsɛvɛriʃ	veríseveri vɛˈriːsɛvɛri	verísevúris vɛˈriːsɛvuːris	verísevúrite vɛˈriːsɛvuːritɛ	verísevúri vɛˈriːsɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	verjetruot vɛˈrjɛtruot
connegative	verjetruota vɛˈrjɛtruota
supine	verjetruotúr vɛˈrjɛtruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	verjestruviș vɛˈrjɛstruviʃ
adverbial	verjestruvivú vɛˈrjɛstruvivuː
past	adjectival	verítuokș vɛˈriːtuokʃ
adverbial	verítúk vɛˈriːtuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		verjetrúa vɛˈrjɛtruːa	verjetruvúș vɛˈrjɛtruvuːʃ		verjetruvuoș vɛˈrjɛtruvuoʃ		verjetruvovú vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	verjetrúe vɛˈrjɛtruːɛ	verjetruva vɛˈrjɛtruva	verjetrúș vɛˈrjɛtruːʃ	verjetrú vɛˈrjɛtruː	verjetruvuos vɛˈrjɛtruvuos	verjetruvuote vɛˈrjɛtruvuotɛ	verjetruvú vɛˈrjɛtruvuː
past	verjestruvei vɛˈrjɛstruvei	verjestruven vɛˈrjɛstruvɛn	verjestruveș vɛˈrjɛstruvɛʃ	verjestruve vɛˈrjɛstruvɛ	verjestruvuos vɛˈrjɛstruvuos	verjestruvuote vɛˈrjɛstruvuotɛ	verjestruvú vɛˈrjɛstruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	verjetruvai vɛˈrjɛtruvai	verjetruvá vɛˈrjɛtruvaː	verjetruvaș vɛˈrjɛtruvaʃ	verjetruva vɛˈrjɛtruva	verjetruvavuos vɛˈrjɛtruvavuos	verjetruvavuote vɛˈrjɛtruvavuotɛ	verjetruvavú vɛˈrjɛtruvavuː
past	verjestruvai vɛˈrjɛstruvai	verjestruvain vɛˈrjɛstruvain	verjestruvaiș vɛˈrjɛstruvaiʃ	verjestruvai vɛˈrjɛstruvai	verjestruvavuos vɛˈrjɛstruvavuos	verjestruvavuote vɛˈrjɛstruvavuotɛ	verjestruvavú vɛˈrjɛstruvavuː
optative	non-past	verjetruvúe vɛˈrjɛtruvuːɛ	verjetruvova vɛˈrjɛtruvɔva	verjetruvúș vɛˈrjɛtruvuːʃ	verjetruvú vɛˈrjɛtruvuː	verjetruvovuos vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuos	verjetruvovuote vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuotɛ	verjetruvovú vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuː
past	verjestruvevei vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvei	verjestruveven vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛn	verjestruveveș vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛʃ	verjestruveve vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛ	verjestruvevuos vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvuos	verjestruvevuote vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvuotɛ	verjestruvevú vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	verjetrúriè vɛˈrjɛtruːri.ɛ	verjetrúrin vɛˈrjɛtruːrin	verjetrúriș vɛˈrjɛtruːriʃ	verjetrúri vɛˈrjɛtruːri	verjetruvúris vɛˈrjɛtruvuːris	verjetruvúrite vɛˈrjɛtruvuːritɛ	verjetruvúri vɛˈrjɛtruvuːri
past	verjestruveriè vɛˈrjɛstruvɛri.ɛ	verjestruverin vɛˈrjɛstruvɛrin	verjestruveriș vɛˈrjɛstruvɛriʃ	verjestruveri vɛˈrjɛstruvɛri	verjestruvúris vɛˈrjɛstruvuːris	verjestruvúrite vɛˈrjɛstruvuːritɛ	verjestruvúri vɛˈrjɛstruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	verjetruvariè vɛˈrjɛtruvari.ɛ	verjetruvarin vɛˈrjɛtruvarin	verjetruvariș vɛˈrjɛtruvariʃ	verjetruvari vɛˈrjɛtruvari	verjetruvavúris vɛˈrjɛtruvavuːris	verjetruvavúrite vɛˈrjɛtruvavuːritɛ	verjetruvavúri vɛˈrjɛtruvavuːri
past	verjestruvairiè vɛˈrjɛstruvairi.ɛ	verjestruvairin vɛˈrjɛstruvairin	verjestruvairiș vɛˈrjɛstruvairiʃ	verjestruvairi vɛˈrjɛstruvairi	verjestruvavúris vɛˈrjɛstruvavuːris	verjestruvavúrite vɛˈrjɛstruvavuːritɛ	verjestruvavúri vɛˈrjɛstruvavuːri
optative	non-past	verjetruvúriè vɛˈrjɛtruvuːri.ɛ	verjetruvúrin vɛˈrjɛtruvuːrin	verjetruvúriș vɛˈrjɛtruvuːriʃ	verjetruvúri vɛˈrjɛtruvuːri	verjetruvovúris vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuːris	verjetruvovúrite vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuːritɛ	verjetruvovúri vɛˈrjɛtruvɔvuːri
past	verjestruveveriè vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛri.ɛ	verjestruveverin vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛrin	verjestruveveriș vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛriʃ	verjestruveveri vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvɛri	verjestruvevúris vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvuːris	verjestruvevúrite vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvuːritɛ	verjestruvevúri vɛˈrjɛstruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian verétt, from Old Radestrian verǫtt, from Proto-Radic *verǫtht, from Proto-Hirdic *bhezɤ̄́t-, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱĭ<záj>tʼ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱytʼ- (to watch).

verșenouninanimatecountable29/05/2026

ˈvɛrʃɛ

GEN.SG verșesk NOM.PL verșere

1.case (instance)

2.case (event)

3.grammar grammatical case

Radestrian cases: duomiles (nominative), tvamiles (vocative), veșeles (genitive), raozdeles (dative), erguoles (accusative), valzdiles (instrumental)

	singular	plural
nominative	verșe ˈvɛrʃɛ	verșere ˈvɛrʃɛrɛ
vocative	verșese ˈvɛrʃɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	verșesk ˈvɛrʃɛsk	verșeris ˈvɛrʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	verșes ˈvɛrʃɛs
dative	verșen ˈvɛrʃɛn	verșerín ˈvɛrʃɛriːn
accusative	verșest ˈvɛrʃɛst	verșerid ˈvɛrʃɛrid
instrumental	verșevúr ˈvɛrʃɛvuːr	verșeríe ˈvɛrʃɛriːɛ

Nominalisation of verșeș, adjectival present participle of vert (to meet).

vertverbtransitive21/08/2026

vɛrt

NPST.1S vere PST.1S verșei PRESPART verșevú PSPART vergúl

1. to meet, to face

2. to meet, to become acquainted with

3. to hit, to meet (target or goal)

4. to achieve, to accomplish

Synonym: revert

nonfinite forms
infinitive	vert vɛrt
connegative	verta ˈvɛrta
supine	vertúr ˈvɛrtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	verșeș ˈvɛrʃɛʃ
adverbial	verșevú ˈvɛrʃɛvuː
past	adjectival	vergúș ˈvɛrɡuːʃ
adverbial	vergúl ˈvɛrɡuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		vera ˈvɛra	verúș ˈvɛruːʃ		veruoș ˈvɛruoʃ		verovú ˈvɛrɔvuː
indicative	non-past	vere ˈvɛrɛ	verș vɛrʃ	ver vɛr	veruos ˈvɛruos	veruote vɛˈruotɛ	verú ˈvɛruː
past	verșei ˈvɛrʃei	verșen ˈvɛrʃɛn	verșeș ˈvɛrʃɛʃ	verșe ˈvɛrʃɛ	verșuos ˈvɛrʃuos	verșuote vɛrˈʃuotɛ	verșú ˈvɛrʃuː
subjunctive	non-past	verai ˈvɛrai	verá ˈvɛraː	veraș ˈvɛraʃ	vera ˈvɛra	veravuos ˈvɛravuos	veravuote ˈvɛravuotɛ	veravú ˈvɛravuː
past	verșai ˈvɛrʃai	verșain ˈvɛrʃain	verșaiș ˈvɛrʃaiʃ	verșai ˈvɛrʃai	verșavuos ˈvɛrʃavuos	verșavuote ˈvɛrʃavuotɛ	verșavú ˈvɛrʃavuː
optative	non-past	verúe vɛˈruːɛ	verova ˈvɛrɔva	verúș ˈvɛruːʃ	verú ˈvɛruː	verovuos ˈvɛrɔvuos	verovuote ˈvɛrɔvuotɛ	verovú ˈvɛrɔvuː
past	verșevei ˈvɛrʃɛvei	verșeven ˈvɛrʃɛvɛn	verșeveș ˈvɛrʃɛvɛʃ	verșeve ˈvɛrʃɛvɛ	verșevuos ˈvɛrʃɛvuos	verșevuote ˈvɛrʃɛvuotɛ	verșevú ˈvɛrʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	veriè ˈvɛri.ɛ	verin ˈvɛrin	veriș ˈvɛriʃ	veri ˈvɛri	verúris vɛˈruːris	verúrite vɛˈruːritɛ	verúri vɛˈruːri
past	verșeriè vɛrˈʃɛri.ɛ	verșerin ˈvɛrʃɛrin	verșeriș ˈvɛrʃɛriʃ	verșeri ˈvɛrʃɛri	verșúris vɛrˈʃuːris	verșúrite vɛrˈʃuːritɛ	verșúri vɛrˈʃuːri
subjunctive	non-past	verariè vɛˈrari.ɛ	verarin ˈvɛrarin	verariș ˈvɛrariʃ	verari ˈvɛrari	veravúris ˈvɛravuːris	veravúrite ˈvɛravuːritɛ	veravúri ˈvɛravuːri
past	verșairiè vɛrˈʃairi.ɛ	verșairin vɛrˈʃairin	verșairiș vɛrˈʃairiʃ	verșairi vɛrˈʃairi	verșavúris ˈvɛrʃavuːris	verșavúrite ˈvɛrʃavuːritɛ	verșavúri ˈvɛrʃavuːri
optative	non-past	verúriè vɛˈruːri.ɛ	verúrin vɛˈruːrin	verúriș vɛˈruːriʃ	verúri vɛˈruːri	verovúris ˈvɛrɔvuːris	verovúrite ˈvɛrɔvuːritɛ	verovúri ˈvɛrɔvuːri
past	verșeveriè vɛrˈʃɛvɛri.ɛ	verșeverin vɛrˈʃɛvɛrin	verșeveriș vɛrˈʃɛvɛriʃ	verșeveri vɛrˈʃɛvɛri	verșevúris ˈvɛrʃɛvuːris	verșevúrite ˈvɛrʃɛvuːritɛ	verșevúri ˈvɛrʃɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	veruot ˈvɛruot
connegative	veruota vɛˈruota
supine	veruotúr vɛˈruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	verștruviș ˈvɛrʃtruviʃ
adverbial	verștruvivú vɛrʃˈtruvivuː
past	adjectival	verguokș ˈvɛrɡuokʃ
adverbial	vergúk ˈvɛrɡuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		verúa vɛˈruːa	veruvúș ˈvɛruvuːʃ		veruvuoș ˈvɛruvuoʃ		veruvovú vɛˈruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	verúe vɛˈruːɛ	veruva ˈvɛruva	verúș ˈvɛruːʃ	verú ˈvɛruː	veruvuos ˈvɛruvuos	veruvuote ˈvɛruvuotɛ	veruvú ˈvɛruvuː
past	verștruvei ˈvɛrʃtruvei	verștruven ˈvɛrʃtruvɛn	verștruveș ˈvɛrʃtruvɛʃ	verștruve ˈvɛrʃtruvɛ	verștruvuos ˈvɛrʃtruvuos	verștruvuote ˈvɛrʃtruvuotɛ	verștruvú ˈvɛrʃtruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	veruvai ˈvɛruvai	veruvá ˈvɛruvaː	veruvaș ˈvɛruvaʃ	veruva ˈvɛruva	veruvavuos vɛˈruvavuos	veruvavuote vɛˈruvavuotɛ	veruvavú vɛˈruvavuː
past	verștruvai ˈvɛrʃtruvai	verștruvain ˈvɛrʃtruvain	verștruvaiș ˈvɛrʃtruvaiʃ	verștruvai ˈvɛrʃtruvai	verștruvavuos vɛrʃˈtruvavuos	verștruvavuote vɛrʃˈtruvavuotɛ	verștruvavú vɛrʃˈtruvavuː
optative	non-past	veruvúe ˈvɛruvuːɛ	veruvova vɛˈruvɔva	veruvúș ˈvɛruvuːʃ	veruvú ˈvɛruvuː	veruvovuos vɛˈruvɔvuos	veruvovuote vɛˈruvɔvuotɛ	veruvovú vɛˈruvɔvuː
past	verștruvevei vɛrʃˈtruvɛvei	verștruveven vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛn	verștruveveș vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛʃ	verștruveve vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛ	verștruvevuos vɛrʃˈtruvɛvuos	verștruvevuote vɛrʃˈtruvɛvuotɛ	verștruvevú vɛrʃˈtruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	verúriè vɛˈruːri.ɛ	verúrin vɛˈruːrin	verúriș vɛˈruːriʃ	verúri vɛˈruːri	veruvúris ˈvɛruvuːris	veruvúrite ˈvɛruvuːritɛ	veruvúri ˈvɛruvuːri
past	verștruveriè vɛrʃˈtruvɛri.ɛ	verștruverin vɛrʃˈtruvɛrin	verștruveriș vɛrʃˈtruvɛriʃ	verștruveri vɛrʃˈtruvɛri	verștruvúris ˈvɛrʃtruvuːris	verștruvúrite ˈvɛrʃtruvuːritɛ	verștruvúri ˈvɛrʃtruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	veruvariè vɛˈruvari.ɛ	veruvarin vɛˈruvarin	veruvariș vɛˈruvariʃ	veruvari vɛˈruvari	veruvavúris vɛˈruvavuːris	veruvavúrite vɛˈruvavuːritɛ	veruvavúri vɛˈruvavuːri
past	verștruvairiè ˈvɛrʃtruvairi.ɛ	verștruvairin ˈvɛrʃtruvairin	verștruvairiș ˈvɛrʃtruvairiʃ	verștruvairi ˈvɛrʃtruvairi	verștruvavúris vɛrʃˈtruvavuːris	verștruvavúrite vɛrʃˈtruvavuːritɛ	verștruvavúri vɛrʃˈtruvavuːri
optative	non-past	veruvúriè ˈvɛruvuːri.ɛ	veruvúrin ˈvɛruvuːrin	veruvúriș ˈvɛruvuːriʃ	veruvúri ˈvɛruvuːri	veruvovúris vɛˈruvɔvuːris	veruvovúrite vɛˈruvɔvuːritɛ	veruvovúri vɛˈruvɔvuːri
past	verștruveveriè vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛri.ɛ	verștruveverin vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛrin	verștruveveriș vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛriʃ	verștruveveri vɛrʃˈtruvɛvɛri	verștruvevúris vɛrʃˈtruvɛvuːris	verștruvevúrite vɛrʃˈtruvɛvuːritɛ	verștruvevúri vɛrʃˈtruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian vairt, from Old Radestrian vajrtt, from Proto-Radic *vıjr(ı)hht, from Proto-Hirdic *bhəjrə́ṯ-, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱa<ɟŕ̥>t-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱat- (eye).

veșelesnouninanimatecountable29/05/2026

ˈvɛʃɛlɛs

GEN.SG veșelig DAT.SG veșeleva NOM.PL veșelei GEN₂.PL veșeljes

grammar genitive case

Hypernym: verșe (case)

Hyponyms: veșeles úsotjeșe (direct genitive), veșeles aráșeșe (relational genitive)

	singular	plural
nominative	veșeles ˈvɛʃɛlɛs	veșelei ˈvɛʃɛlei
vocative	veșelese vɛˈʃɛlɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	veșelig ˈvɛʃɛliɡ	veșelíris ˈvɛʃɛliːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	veșeljes ˈvɛʃɛjɛs
dative	veșeleva vɛˈʃɛlɛva	veșelírín ˈvɛʃɛliːriːn
accusative	veșeled ˈvɛʃɛlɛd	veșelírid ˈvɛʃɛliːrid
instrumental	veșelevúr vɛˈʃɛlɛvuːr	veșelíríe ˈvɛʃɛliːriːɛ

veșe (origin) + -les

veșeles aráșeșenouninanimatecountable02/07/2026

ˈvɛʃɛlɛs aˈraːʃɛʃɛ

GEN.SG veșelig aráșeșk DAT.SG veșeleva aráșeșa NOM.PL veșelei aráșeșe GEN₂.PL veșeljes aráșeșes

Radestrian grammar relational genitive case, dependent genitive case (second genitive case)

Synonym: veșeles atieșe (second genitive), veșeles rvúnișe (relational genitive) (less common)

The more common term in English is ‘relational genitive’, despite veșeles aráșeșe (dependent genitive) being the more common term in Radestrian.

	singular	plural
nominative	veșeles aráșeșe ˈvɛʃɛlɛs aˈraːʃɛʃɛ	veșelei aráșeșe ˈvɛʃɛlei aˈraːʃɛʃɛ
vocative	veșelese aráșeșe vɛˈʃɛlɛsɛ aˈraːʃɛʃɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	veșelig aráșeșk ˈvɛʃɛliɡ aˈraːʃɛʃk	veșelíris aráșeșeris ˈvɛʃɛliːris aˈraːʃɛʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	veșeljes aráșeșes ˈvɛʃɛjɛs aˈraːʃɛʃɛs
dative	veșeleva aráșeșa vɛˈʃɛlɛva aˈraːʃɛʃa	veșelírín aráșeșerín ˈvɛʃɛliːriːn aˈraːʃɛʃɛriːn
accusative	veșeled aráșeșt ˈvɛʃɛlɛd aˈraːʃɛʃt	veșelírid aráșeșerid ˈvɛʃɛliːrid aˈraːʃɛʃɛrid
instrumental	veșelevúr aráșeșúr vɛˈʃɛlɛvuːr aˈraːʃɛʃuːr	veșelíríe aráșeșeríe ˈvɛʃɛliːriːɛ aˈraːʃɛʃɛriːɛ

veșeles (genitive) + aráșeș (dependent)

veșeles úsotjeșenouninanimatecountable30/05/2026

ˈvɛʃɛlɛs ˈuːsɔtʃɛʃɛ

GEN.SG veșelig úsotjeșk DAT.SG veșeleva úsotíșa NOM.PL veșelei úsotjeșe GEN₂.PL veșeljes úsotjeșes

Radestrian grammar direct genitive case (first genitive case)

Synonym: veșeles helișe (first genitive), veșeles avjeșe (genitive proper) (less common)

	singular	plural
nominative	veșeles úsotjeșe ˈvɛʃɛlɛs ˈuːsɔtʃɛʃɛ	veșelei úsotjeșe ˈvɛʃɛlei ˈuːsɔtʃɛʃɛ
vocative	veșelese úsotjeșe vɛˈʃɛlɛsɛ ˈuːsɔtʃɛʃɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	veșelig úsotjeșk ˈvɛʃɛliɡ ˈuːsɔtʃɛʃk	veșelíris úsotíșeris ˈvɛʃɛliːris ˈuːsɔtiːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	veșeljes úsotíșes ˈvɛʃɛjɛs ˈuːsɔtiːʃɛs
dative	veșeleva úsotíșa vɛˈʃɛlɛva ˈuːsɔtiːʃa	veșelírín úsotíșerín ˈvɛʃɛliːriːn ˈuːsɔtiːʃɛriːn
accusative	veșeled úsotjeșt ˈvɛʃɛlɛd ˈuːsɔtʃɛʃt	veșelírid úsotíșerid ˈvɛʃɛliːrid ˈuːsɔtiːʃɛrid
instrumental	veșelevúr úsotíșúr vɛˈʃɛlɛvuːr ˈuːsɔtiːʃuːr	veșelíríe úsotíșeríe ˈvɛʃɛliːriːɛ ˈuːsɔtiːʃɛriːɛ

veșeles (genitive) + úsotíș (direct)

veșiesnounanimatecountable13/08/2026

ˈvɛʃies

GEN.SG veșieg NOM.PL veșíe ADJ veșỉș

someone engaged to be married to a woman; fiancé, fiancée

Note that the gender distinction is not dependent on the fiancé(e) themselves, but the person they are engaged to.

	singular	plural
nominative	veșies ˈvɛʃies	veșíe vɛˈʃiːɛ
vocative	veșiese vɛˈʃiesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	veșieg ˈvɛʃieɡ	veșỉris vɛˈʃiːːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	veșỉs ˈvɛʃiːːs
dative	veșíva vɛˈʃiːva	veșỉrín vɛˈʃiːːriːn
accusative	veșied ˈvɛʃied	veșỉrid vɛˈʃiːːrid
instrumental	veșívúr vɛˈʃiːvuːr	veșỉríe vɛˈʃiːːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vișéss, from Old Radestrian višējre, from Proto-Radic *višējir, from Proto-Hirdic *bhiḵjéḡiṯis, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱi-kj-ég-et-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱaj- (woman).

vezanouninanimatecountable21/08/2026

ˈvɛza

GEN.SG vezusk NOM.PL vezore ADJ vezuș

anatomy womb

	singular	plural
nominative	veza ˈvɛza	vezore ˈvɛzɔrɛ
vocative	vezose ˈvɛzɔsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vezusk ˈvɛzɤsk	vezoris ˈvɛzɔris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vezus ˈvɛzɤs
dative	vezun ˈvɛzɤn	vezorín ˈvɛzɔriːn
accusative	vezust ˈvɛzɤst	vezorid ˈvɛzɔrid
instrumental	vezovúr ˈvɛzɔvuːr	vezoríe ˈvɛzɔriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vizzra, from Old Radestrian viððra, from Proto-Radic *vihðor, from Proto-Hirdic *bhiḵdhós, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱik-dʱó-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱek- (to arise).

víanounanimatecountable14/08/2026

ˈviːa

GEN.SG viesk NOM.PL viere ADJ vieș

queen

Coordinate term: skoà

Synonym: heņreks

	singular	plural
nominative	vía ˈviːa	viere ˈvierɛ
vocative	viese ˈviesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	viesk viesk	vieris ˈvieris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vies vies
dative	vien vien	vierín ˈvieriːn
accusative	viest viest	vierid ˈvierid
instrumental	vievúr ˈvievuːr	vieríe ˈvieriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian víra, from Old Radestrian vijra, from Proto-Radic *viǧor, from Proto-Hirdic *bhighós, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱi-gʱó-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱaj- (woman).

vièþsnounanimatecountable21/08/2026

ˈvi.ɛθs

GEN.SG vièsk NOM.PL vièðe ADJ vièðiș

hero

	singular	plural
nominative	vièþs ˈvi.ɛθs	vièðe ˈvi.ɛðɛ
vocative	vièþse viˈɛθsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vièsk ˈvi.ɛsk	vièðiris viˈɛðiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vièðis ˈvi.ɛðis
dative	vièða ˈvi.ɛða	vièðirín viˈɛðiriːn
accusative	vièst ˈvi.ɛst	vièðirid viˈɛðirid
instrumental	vièðúr ˈvi.ɛðuːr	vièðiríe viˈɛðiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vihhøþs, from Old Radestrian vihhøþre, from Proto-Radic *vihhweþir (hero), from Proto-Hirdic *bhiḵkhwéthis (valiant leader), from Proto-Laenkean *bʱik-k(ʰ)wé-tʰ-es, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱek- (to arise).

vinanouninanimateuncountable21/08/2026

ˈvina

GEN.SG vinisk NOM.PL vinere ADJ viniș

wonder, awe, excitement

	singular	plural
nominative	vina ˈvina	vinere ˈvinɛrɛ
vocative	vinese ˈvinɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vinisk ˈvinisk	vineris ˈvinɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vinis ˈvinis
dative	vinen ˈvinɛn	vinerín ˈvinɛriːn
accusative	vinest ˈvinɛst	vinerid ˈvinɛrid
instrumental	vinevúr ˈvinɛvuːr	vineríe ˈvinɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vinnra, from Old Radestrian vinnræ, from Proto-Radic *vinner, from Proto-Hirdic *bhinnés (enjoyment, novelty), from Proto-Laenkean *bʱin-né-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱæ(j)n- (new).

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