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váraþsnouninanimateuncountable20/08/2026

ˈvaːraθs

GEN.SG várask ADJ váraðiș

metallurgy bronze

	singular
nominative	váraþs ˈvaːraθs
vocative	váraþse ˈvaːraθsɛ
genitive	várask ˈvaːrask
dative	váraða ˈvaːraða
accusative	várast ˈvaːrast
instrumental	váraðúr ˈvaːraðuːr

From Middle Radestrian váuraþs, váraþs, from Old Radestrian vāuraþro, from Proto-Radic *vahawuraþur, *vawawuraþur, from *va- (neo-) + *hawuraþur (copper), equivalent to va- + horaþs.

varbírnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvarbiːr

GEN.SG varbí NOM.PL varbíre ADJ varbíș

half

	singular	plural
nominative	varbír ˈvarbiːr	varbíre varˈbiːrɛ
vocative	varbíse varˈbiːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	varbí ˈvarbiː	varbíris varˈbiːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	varbies ˈvarbies
dative	varbea ˈvarbæː	varbírín varˈbiːriːn
accusative	varbíd ˈvarbiːd	varbírid varˈbiːrid
instrumental	varbeúr ˈvarbɛ.uːr	varbíríe varˈbiːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian var(u)bér, from Old Radestrian warubér, from Proto-Radic *warubēr, unexpected *wa-, perhaps dissimilation, from Proto-Hirdic *wurwḇéḡis, from Proto-Laenkean *wotʼ-r̥wb-ég-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *wotʼ- (with) + *rwab- (two).

vardtverbtransitive21/08/2026

vart

NPST.1S varte PST.1S varei PRESPART varzdivú PSPART vardúl

1. to see

2. to look at, to watch

Synonym: verjet

nonfinite forms
infinitive	vardt vart
connegative	vardta ˈvartta
supine	vardtúr ˈvarttuːr
participle	present	adjectival	varzdiș ˈvarzdiʃ
adverbial	varzdivú ˈvarzdivuː
past	adjectival	vardúș ˈvarduːʃ
adverbial	vardúl ˈvarduːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		varta ˈvarta	vartúș ˈvartuːʃ		vartuoș ˈvartuoʃ		vartovú ˈvartɔvuː
indicative	non-past	varte ˈvartɛ	vartș vartʃ	vart vart	vartuos ˈvartuos	vartuote varˈtuotɛ	vartú ˈvartuː
past	varei ˈvarei	varen ˈvarɛn	vareș ˈvarɛʃ	vare ˈvarɛ	varuos ˈvaruos	varuote vaˈruotɛ	varú ˈvaruː
subjunctive	non-past	vartai ˈvartai	vartá ˈvartaː	vartaș ˈvartaʃ	varta ˈvarta	vartavuos ˈvartavuos	vartavuote ˈvartavuotɛ	vartavú ˈvartavuː
past	varai ˈvarai	varain ˈvarain	varaiș ˈvaraiʃ	varai ˈvarai	varavuos ˈvaravuos	varavuote ˈvaravuotɛ	varavú ˈvaravuː
optative	non-past	vartúe varˈtuːɛ	vartova ˈvartɔva	vartúș ˈvartuːʃ	vartú ˈvartuː	vartovuos ˈvartɔvuos	vartovuote ˈvartɔvuotɛ	vartovú ˈvartɔvuː
past	varevei ˈvarɛvei	vareven ˈvarɛvɛn	vareveș ˈvarɛvɛʃ	vareve ˈvarɛvɛ	varevuos ˈvarɛvuos	varevuote ˈvarɛvuotɛ	varevú ˈvarɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	vartriè ˈvartri.ɛ	vartrin ˈvartrin	vartriș ˈvartriʃ	vartri ˈvartri	vartúris varˈtuːris	vartúrite varˈtuːritɛ	vartúri varˈtuːri
past	vareriè vaˈrɛri.ɛ	varerin ˈvarɛrin	vareriș ˈvarɛriʃ	vareri ˈvarɛri	varúris vaˈruːris	varúrite vaˈruːritɛ	varúri vaˈruːri
subjunctive	non-past	vartariè varˈtari.ɛ	vartarin ˈvartarin	vartariș ˈvartariʃ	vartari ˈvartari	vartavúris ˈvartavuːris	vartavúrite ˈvartavuːritɛ	vartavúri ˈvartavuːri
past	varairiè vaˈrairi.ɛ	varairin vaˈrairin	varairiș vaˈrairiʃ	varairi vaˈrairi	varavúris ˈvaravuːris	varavúrite ˈvaravuːritɛ	varavúri ˈvaravuːri
optative	non-past	vartúriè varˈtuːri.ɛ	vartúrin varˈtuːrin	vartúriș varˈtuːriʃ	vartúri varˈtuːri	vartovúris ˈvartɔvuːris	vartovúrite ˈvartɔvuːritɛ	vartovúri ˈvartɔvuːri
past	vareveriè vaˈrɛvɛri.ɛ	vareverin vaˈrɛvɛrin	vareveriș vaˈrɛvɛriʃ	vareveri vaˈrɛvɛri	varevúris ˈvarɛvuːris	varevúrite ˈvarɛvuːritɛ	varevúri ˈvarɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	vardruot ˈvardruot
connegative	vardruota varˈdruota
supine	vardruotúr varˈdruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	varzdruviș ˈvarzdruviʃ
adverbial	varzdruvivú varzˈdruvivuː
past	adjectival	varduokș ˈvarduokʃ
adverbial	vardúk ˈvarduːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		vartrúa varˈtruːa	vartruvúș ˈvartruvuːʃ		vartruvuoș ˈvartruvuoʃ		vartruvovú varˈtruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	vartrúe varˈtruːɛ	vartruva ˈvartruva	vartrúș ˈvartruːʃ	vartrú ˈvartruː	vartruvuos ˈvartruvuos	vartruvuote ˈvartruvuotɛ	vartruvú ˈvartruvuː
past	varuvei ˈvaruvei	varuven ˈvaruvɛn	varuveș ˈvaruvɛʃ	varuve ˈvaruvɛ	varuvuos ˈvaruvuos	varuvuote ˈvaruvuotɛ	varuvú ˈvaruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	vartruvai ˈvartruvai	vartruvá ˈvartruvaː	vartruvaș ˈvartruvaʃ	vartruva ˈvartruva	vartruvavuos varˈtruvavuos	vartruvavuote varˈtruvavuotɛ	vartruvavú varˈtruvavuː
past	varuvai ˈvaruvai	varuvain ˈvaruvain	varuvaiș ˈvaruvaiʃ	varuvai ˈvaruvai	varuvavuos vaˈruvavuos	varuvavuote vaˈruvavuotɛ	varuvavú vaˈruvavuː
optative	non-past	vartruvúe ˈvartruvuːɛ	vartruvova varˈtruvɔva	vartruvúș ˈvartruvuːʃ	vartruvú ˈvartruvuː	vartruvovuos varˈtruvɔvuos	vartruvovuote varˈtruvɔvuotɛ	vartruvovú varˈtruvɔvuː
past	varuvevei vaˈruvɛvei	varuveven vaˈruvɛvɛn	varuveveș vaˈruvɛvɛʃ	varuveve vaˈruvɛvɛ	varuvevuos vaˈruvɛvuos	varuvevuote vaˈruvɛvuotɛ	varuvevú vaˈruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	vartrúriè varˈtruːri.ɛ	vartrúrin varˈtruːrin	vartrúriș varˈtruːriʃ	vartrúri varˈtruːri	vartruvúris ˈvartruvuːris	vartruvúrite ˈvartruvuːritɛ	vartruvúri ˈvartruvuːri
past	varuveriè vaˈruvɛri.ɛ	varuverin vaˈruvɛrin	varuveriș vaˈruvɛriʃ	varuveri vaˈruvɛri	varuvúris ˈvaruvuːris	varuvúrite ˈvaruvuːritɛ	varuvúri ˈvaruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	vartruvariè varˈtruvari.ɛ	vartruvarin varˈtruvarin	vartruvariș varˈtruvariʃ	vartruvari varˈtruvari	vartruvavúris varˈtruvavuːris	vartruvavúrite varˈtruvavuːritɛ	vartruvavúri varˈtruvavuːri
past	varuvairiè ˈvaruvairi.ɛ	varuvairin ˈvaruvairin	varuvairiș ˈvaruvairiʃ	varuvairi ˈvaruvairi	varuvavúris vaˈruvavuːris	varuvavúrite vaˈruvavuːritɛ	varuvavúri vaˈruvavuːri
optative	non-past	vartruvúriè ˈvartruvuːri.ɛ	vartruvúrin ˈvartruvuːrin	vartruvúriș ˈvartruvuːriʃ	vartruvúri ˈvartruvuːri	vartruvovúris varˈtruvɔvuːris	vartruvovúrite varˈtruvɔvuːritɛ	vartruvovúri varˈtruvɔvuːri
past	varuveveriè vaˈruvɛvɛri.ɛ	varuveverin vaˈruvɛvɛrin	varuveveriș vaˈruvɛvɛriʃ	varuveveri vaˈruvɛvɛri	varuvevúris vaˈruvɛvuːris	varuvevúrite vaˈruvɛvuːritɛ	varuvevúri vaˈruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian vart, from Old Radestrian lardtt, from Proto-Radic *lırdht, from Proto-Hirdic *lɯrḏ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *lɯrd- (to see).

a Varðeproper nouninanimateplurale tantum20/08/2026

a ˈvarðɛ

GEN₂.PL ais Varðis ADJ varðiș

in-world geography the Tholques, the Tholquian mountain range

	plural
nominative	a Varðe a ˈvarðɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ai Varðiris ai ˈvarðiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ais Varðis ais ˈvarðis
dative	ai Varðirín ai ˈvarðiriːn
accusative	ai Varðirid ai ˈvarðirid
instrumental	ai Varðiríe ai ˈvarðiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian Varþre, from Old Radestrian Larþræ, from Proto-Radic *Lharþer. Borrowed from Kirvic Lhasthés, from Proto-Hirdic *Ṯlətkhwés, from Proto-Laenkean *tl̥tʰ-k(ʰ)wé-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *tlotʰ- (hill, mountain).

varstsnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

varsts

GEN.SG varstusk NOM.PL varste GEN₂.PL varstus ADJ varstuș

1.metrology time minute (60 seconds)

2.moment, short while

Synonym: haķs (second)

Varst voí! Just a minute!

	singular	plural
nominative	varsts varsts	varste ˈvarstɛ
vocative	varstse ˈvarstsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	varstusk^△ ˈvarstɤsk	varstiris ˈvarstiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	varstus^△ ˈvarstɤs
dative	varsta ˈvarsta	varstirín ˈvarstiriːn
accusative	varst varst	varstirid ˈvarstirid
instrumental	varstúr ˈvarstuːr	varstiríe ˈvarstiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian varsts, from Old Radestrian larsts, from Proto-Radic *lırdts, from Proto-Hirdic *lɯ́rḏtəs, from Proto-Laenkean *lɯrd-tʼa-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *lɯrd- (to see).

varuotverbintransitivedeponent20/08/2026

ˈvaruot

NPST.1S varúe PST.1S varuvei PRESPART varuvivú PSPART varúk

to return, to come back, to go back

nonfinite forms
infinitive	varuot ˈvaruot
connegative	varuota vaˈruota
supine	varuotúr vaˈruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	varuviș ˈvaruviʃ
adverbial	varuvivú vaˈruvivuː
past	adjectival	varuokș vaˈruokʃ
adverbial	varúk ˈvaruːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		varúa vaˈruːa	varuvúș ˈvaruvuːʃ		varuvuoș ˈvaruvuoʃ		varuvovú vaˈruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	varúe vaˈruːɛ	varuva ˈvaruva	varúș ˈvaruːʃ	varú ˈvaruː	varuvuos ˈvaruvuos	varuvuote ˈvaruvuotɛ	varuvú ˈvaruvuː
past	varuvei ˈvaruvei	varuven ˈvaruvɛn	varuveș ˈvaruvɛʃ	varuve ˈvaruvɛ
subjunctive	non-past	varuvai ˈvaruvai	varuvá ˈvaruvaː	varuvaș ˈvaruvaʃ	varuva ˈvaruva	varuvavuos vaˈruvavuos	varuvavuote vaˈruvavuotɛ	varuvavú vaˈruvavuː
past	varuvain ˈvaruvain	varuvaiș ˈvaruvaiʃ	varuvai ˈvaruvai
optative	non-past	varuvúe ˈvaruvuːɛ	varuvova vaˈruvɔva	varuvúș ˈvaruvuːʃ	varuvú ˈvaruvuː	varuvovuos vaˈruvɔvuos	varuvovuote vaˈruvɔvuotɛ	varuvovú vaˈruvɔvuː
past	varuvevei vaˈruvɛvei	varuveven vaˈruvɛvɛn	varuveveș vaˈruvɛvɛʃ	varuveve vaˈruvɛvɛ	varuvevuos vaˈruvɛvuos	varuvevuote vaˈruvɛvuotɛ	varuvevú vaˈruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	varúriè vaˈruːri.ɛ	varúrin vaˈruːrin	varúriș vaˈruːriʃ	varúri vaˈruːri	varuvúris ˈvaruvuːris	varuvúrite ˈvaruvuːritɛ	varuvúri ˈvaruvuːri
past	varuveriè vaˈruvɛri.ɛ	varuverin vaˈruvɛrin	varuveriș vaˈruvɛriʃ	varuveri vaˈruvɛri
subjunctive	non-past	varuvariè vaˈruvari.ɛ	varuvarin vaˈruvarin	varuvariș vaˈruvariʃ	varuvari vaˈruvari	varuvavúris vaˈruvavuːris	varuvavúrite vaˈruvavuːritɛ	varuvavúri vaˈruvavuːri
past	varuvairiè ˈvaruvairi.ɛ	varuvairin ˈvaruvairin	varuvairiș ˈvaruvairiʃ	varuvairi ˈvaruvairi
optative	non-past	varuvúriè ˈvaruvuːri.ɛ	varuvúrin ˈvaruvuːrin	varuvúriș ˈvaruvuːriʃ	varuvúri ˈvaruvuːri	varuvovúris vaˈruvɔvuːris	varuvovúrite vaˈruvɔvuːritɛ	varuvovúri vaˈruvɔvuːri
past	varuveveriè vaˈruvɛvɛri.ɛ	varuveverin vaˈruvɛvɛrin	varuveveriș vaˈruvɛvɛriʃ	varuveveri vaˈruvɛvɛri	varuvevúris vaˈruvɛvuːris	varuvevúrite vaˈruvɛvuːritɛ	varuvevúri vaˈruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian varútt, from Old Radestrian larŭvtt, from Proto-Radic *alrıvht, of uncertain origin, likely from the Proto-Laenkean root *ŋyl- (to turn).

varusnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvarɤs

GEN.SG varvu NOM.PL varui ADJ varviș

sky

	singular	plural
nominative	varus ˈvarɤs	varui ˈvarɤi
vocative	varuse ˈvarusɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	varvu ˈvarvu	varviris ˈvarviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	varvis ˈvarvis
dative	varva ˈvarva	varvirín ˈvarviriːn
accusative	varud ˈvarɤd	varvirid ˈvarvirid
instrumental	varvúr ˈvarvuːr	varviríe ˈvarviriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian varus, from Old Radestrian varus, from Proto-Radic *varus (sky), from Proto-Hirdic *bhɔ̄́rəs, *bhɔ́rwəs, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱaw<r>n-, *bʱa<r>w-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱaw(n)- (all).

varyganouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvariɡa

GEN.SG varygusk NOM.PL varygore ADJ varyguș

1.in-world first day of the Laefevo-Radestrian week

Synonym: asía (thirteenth month only)

Coordinate terms: → atía (second day), liría (third day), asedua (fourth day), laía (fifth day), valygdras (sixth day)

2.out-of-world Monday

Coordinate terms: → atía (Tuesday), liría (Wednesday), raldvuþs (Thursday), asedua (Friday), laía (Saturday), valygdras (Sunday)

	singular	plural
nominative	varyga ˈvariɡa	varygore vaˈriɡɔrɛ
vocative	varygose vaˈriɡɔsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	varygusk ˈvariɡɤsk	varygoris vaˈriɡɔris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	varygus ˈvariɡɤs
dative	varygun ˈvariɡɤn	varygorín vaˈriɡɔriːn
accusative	varygust ˈvariɡɤst	varygorid vaˈriɡɔrid
instrumental	varygovúr vaˈriɡɔvuːr	varygoríe vaˈriɡɔriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian varivgra, from Old Radestrian larivǧra, from Proto-Radic *alrivǧor, from *alrıvht (to return) + *-ǧor (augmentative), equivalent to varuot + -ga.

vas¹nouninanimatecountable10/05/2026

vas

Homophones: vas²

GEN.SG vug DAT.SG vá NOM.PL váte | vai ADJ vojeș

anatomy eye

	singular	plural
binary	true
nominative	vas vas	váte ˈvaːtɛ	vai vai
vocative	vase ˈvasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vug vɤɡ	vátis ˈvaːtis	vairis ˈvairis
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vais vais
dative	vá vaː	vátín ˈvaːtiːn	vairín ˈvairiːn
accusative	vad vad	vátid ˈvaːtid	vairid ˈvairid
instrumental	vavúr ˈvavuːr	vátíe ˈvaːtiːɛ	vairíe ˈvairiːɛ

From Old Radestrian vass, from Proto-Radic *vahs, from Proto-Hirdic *bháṯəs, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱat- (eye).

vas²preposition+ instrumental08/07/2026

vas

Homophones: vas¹

spatial abstract with (comitative)

+ a	+ a’	+ ag	+ ai	+ i	+ u
vas a vas a	vas a’ vas a	vas ag vas aɡ	vas ai vas ai	vas i vas i	vas u vas u

case	personal
SG	PL	REFL	RECP
1	2	3	1	2	3
ANIM	INAN	INCL	EXCL	ANIM	INAN
ú	re	vâs	vara	dzun	dzate	sjáște	vír	vara	dzist	dzjed
instrumental	vebuorvas vɛˈbuorvas	rábuorvas ˈraːbuorvas	vâbuorvas vɤˈbuorvas	vabuorvas vaˈbuorvas	dzmerívas dzmɛˈriːvas	dzarívas dzaˈriːvas	sjárívas ˈʃaːriːvas	vírívas ˈviːriːvas	vairívas ˈvairiːvas	dzibuorvas dziˈbuorvas	dzírívas ˈdziːriːvas
case	number	interrogative- existential	demonstrative	quantifier
ANIM	INAN	PROX	DIST	indefinite	general indefinite	collective
ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN	ANIM	INAN
bjaș	bjar	kjes	okjes	baus	bvar	bjaș-á	bjar-á	vaus	var
instrumental	SG	bjábuorvas ˈbjaːbuorvas	bibuorvas biˈbuorvas	kaorvas ˈkɔːrvas	okuorvas ɔˈkuorvas	býbuorvas ˈbiːbuorvas	butuorvas buˈtuorvas	bjábuorvas-á ˈbjaːbuorvasaː	bibuorvas-á biˈbuorvasaː	vaobuorvas ˈvɔːbuorvas	ubuorvas uˈbuorvas
PL	bjairívas ˈbjairiːvas	bjerívas bjɛˈriːvas	terívas tɛˈriːvas	oterívas ˈɔtɛriːvas	baurívas ˈbauriːvas	børívas bœˈriːvas	bjairívas-á ˈbjairiːvasaː	bjerívas-á bjɛˈriːvasaː

From Middle Radestrian vas, from Old Radestrian wat, was, from Proto-Radic *wat, from Proto-Hirdic *wot, from the Proto-Laenkean root *wotʼ- (with).

vásnounanimatecountable24/07/2026

vaːs

GEN.SG vaùg NOM.PL váje ADJ vauiș

kinship grandfather, granddad, grandpa

Coordinate term: deșas

	singular	plural
nominative	vás vaːs	váje ˈvaːjɛ
vocative	váse ˈvaːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vaùg ˈva.ɤɡ	vájeris ˈvaːjɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vájes ˈvaːjɛs
dative	váva ˈvaːva	vájerín ˈvaːjɛriːn
accusative	vád vaːd	vájerid ˈvaːjɛrid
instrumental	vávúr ˈvaːvuːr	vájeríe ˈvaːjɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian váss, from Old Radestrian váur, from Proto-Radic *vawawur, from Proto-Hirdic *bhakhóṯus, from Proto-Laenkean *bʱn̥-kʰó-t-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *bʱan- (father).

vâspronounpersonal08/07/2026

vɤs

GEN.SG vâsk | vâtú DAT.SG vân | vâva POSS.SG vârș | vâriș

animate third-person singular pronoun; he, him, she, her, they, them, it; her, hers, his, their, theirs, its

There are no gendered third-person pronouns.
While ‘he’ or ‘she’ is typically understood as [+human] in English, vâs is simply [+animate] and thus may include [–human] referents.
- For example, English speakers may refer to an insect as ‘it’, or optionally with [+human] pronouns with endearment, but in Radestrian, vara¹ (it) would be ungrammatical.

	singular
short	long
nominative	vâs vɤs
genitive	vâsk vɤsk	vâtú ˈvɤtuː
dative	vân vɤn	vâva ˈvɤva
accusative	vâst vɤst	vâtad ˈvɤtad
instrumental	vâbúr ˈvɤbuːr
possessive	vârș vɤrʃ	vâriș ˈvɤriʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
vârș vɤrʃ	vârșe ˈvɤrʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
vârșa ˈvɤrʃa	vârșa’ ˈvɤrʃa	vârșag ˈvɤrʃaɡ	vârșai ˈvɤrʃai	vârșei, vârși (colloquial) ˈvɤrʃei ˈvɤrʃi	vârșu ˈvɤrʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	vârișe ˈvɤriʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vârișk ˈvɤriʃk	vârișesk ˈvɤriʃɛsk	vârișeris vɤˈriʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vârișes ˈvɤriʃɛs
dative	vârișa ˈvɤriʃa	vârișen ˈvɤriʃɛn	vârișerín vɤˈriʃɛriːn
accusative	vârișt ˈvɤriʃt	vârișest ˈvɤriʃɛst	vârișerid vɤˈriʃɛrid
instrumental	vârișúr ˈvɤriʃuːr	vârișevúr vɤˈriʃɛvuːr	vârișeríe vɤˈriʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vuss, from Old Radestrian lŭss, from Proto-Radic *lıhs, from Proto-Hirdic *lɯ́hɯs, from Proto-Laenkean *(s)lɯh.

ú, re, lește, vara¹, dzun, sted, dzate, sjáște, vír

vasanouninanimate20/08/2026

ˈvasa

GEN.SG vasisk NOM.PL vasere ADJ vasiș

1.uncountable readiness, availability, disposition

2.countable science

1.data point, datum

2.plural data

	singular	plural
nominative	vasa ˈvasa	vasere ˈvasɛrɛ
vocative	vasese ˈvasɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vasisk ˈvasisk	vaseris ˈvasɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vasis ˈvasis
dative	vasen ˈvasɛn	vaserín ˈvasɛriːn
accusative	vasest ˈvasɛst	vaserid ˈvasɛrid
instrumental	vasevúr ˈvasɛvuːr	vaseríe ˈvasɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vassra, from Old Radestrian vassræ, from Proto-Radic *vahser (will, disposition), of unknown origin.

vasailesnouninanimatecountable07/07/2026

vaˈsailɛs

GEN.SG vasailig NOM.PL vasailei GEN₂.PL vasailjes

Variant: vai (symbol)

mathematics sine

	singular	plural
nominative	vasailes vaˈsailɛs	vasailei vaˈsailei
vocative	vasailese vaˈsailɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vasailig vaˈsailiɡ	vasailíris vaˈsailiːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vasailjes vaˈsaijɛs
dative	vasaileva vaˈsailɛva	vasailírín vaˈsailiːriːn
accusative	vasailed vaˈsailɛd	vasailírid vaˈsailiːrid
instrumental	vasailevúr vaˈsailɛvuːr	vasailíríe vaˈsailiːriːɛ

vas- (co-) + ailes (sine)

vasínusnounanimatecountable20/08/2026

vaˈsiːnɤs

GEN.SG vasienvu NOM.PL vasínui ADJ vasienviș

zoology whale

	singular	plural
nominative	vasínus vaˈsiːnɤs	vasínui vaˈsiːnɤi
vocative	vasínuse vaˈsiːnusɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vasienvu vaˈsienvu	vasienviris vaˈsienviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vasienvis vaˈsienvis
dative	vasienva vaˈsienva	vasienvirín vaˈsienviriːn
accusative	vasínud vaˈsiːnɤd	vasienvirid vaˈsienvirid
instrumental	vasienvúr vaˈsienvuːr	vasienviríe vaˈsienviriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian svassénus, vassénus, from Old Radestrian slaþþēnvs, from Proto-Radic *slahþēnvs, from Proto-Laenkean *slak=tʰaj(n)bʱ-, from the Proto-Laenkean roots *slak- (to blow, to swell, to inflate) + *tʰaj(n)bʱ- (large fish).

vasĵabsnouninanimatecountable06/07/2026

ˈvasjaps

GEN.SG vasĵaug NOM.PL vasĵabe ADJ vasĵabiș

blindfold

	singular	plural
nominative	vasĵabs ˈvasjaps	vasĵabe ˈvasjabɛ
vocative	vasĵabse vaˈsjapsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vasĵaug ˈvasjauɡ	vasĵabiris vaˈsjabiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vasĵabis ˈvasjabis
dative	vasĵaba ˈvasjaba	vasĵabirín vaˈsjabiriːn
accusative	vasĵaud ˈvasjaud	vasĵabirid vaˈsjabirid
instrumental	vasĵabúr ˈvasjabuːr	vasĵabiríe vaˈsjabiriːɛ

vas¹ (eye) + sĵabs (bandage)

vasterenouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvastɛrɛ

GEN.SG vasterisk NOM.PL vasterire ADJ vasteriș

siblings, brothers, sisters, siblinghood, siblingship

Vastere gjø? Are you siblings?

	singular	plural
nominative	vastere ˈvastɛrɛ	vasterire vasˈtɛrirɛ
vocative	vasterise vasˈtɛrisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vasterisk ˈvastɛrisk	vasteriris vasˈtɛriris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vasteris ˈvastɛris
dative	vasterin ˈvastɛrin	vasterirín vasˈtɛririːn
accusative	vasterist ˈvastɛrist	vasteririd vasˈtɛririd
instrumental	vasterivúr vasˈtɛrivuːr	vasteriríe vasˈtɛririːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vasterre, from Old Radestrian wasterrer, from Proto-Radic *watterrir, from *wat (with) + *terrir (family), equivalent to vas- + tere.

vastraltverbintransitive20/08/2026

ˈvastralt

NPST.1S vastralge PST.1S vastralei PRESPART vastralivú PSPART vastravúl

1. to cost, to take, to require, to be worth, to stand at (+ instrumental)

2. to require effort

nonfinite forms
infinitive	vastralt ˈvastralt
connegative	vastralta vasˈtralta
supine	vastraltúr vasˈtraltuːr
participle	present	adjectival	vastraliș ˈvastraliʃ
adverbial	vastralivú vasˈtralivuː
past	adjectival	vastravúș ˈvastravuːʃ
adverbial	vastravúl ˈvastravuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		vastralga vasˈtralɡa	vastralgúș vasˈtralɡuːʃ		vastralguoș vasˈtralɡuoʃ		vastralgovú vasˈtralɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	vastralge vasˈtralɡɛ	vastralș ˈvastralʃ	vastralg ˈvastralɡ	vastralguos vasˈtralɡuos	vastralguote vasˈtralɡuotɛ	vastralgú vasˈtralɡuː
past	vastralei ˈvastralei	vastralen ˈvastralɛn	vastraleș ˈvastralɛʃ	vastrale ˈvastralɛ	vastraluos ˈvastraluos	vastraluote ˈvastraluotɛ	vastralú ˈvastraluː
subjunctive	non-past	vastralgai vasˈtralɡai	vastralgá vasˈtralɡaː	vastralgaș vasˈtralɡaʃ	vastralga vasˈtralɡa	vastralgavuos vasˈtralɡavuos	vastralgavuote vasˈtralɡavuotɛ	vastralgavú vasˈtralɡavuː
past	vastralai ˈvastralai	vastralain ˈvastralain	vastralaiș ˈvastralaiʃ	vastralai ˈvastralai	vastralavuos vasˈtralavuos	vastralavuote vasˈtralavuotɛ	vastralavú vasˈtralavuː
optative	non-past	vastralgúe vasˈtralɡuːɛ	vastralgova vasˈtralɡɔva	vastralgúș vasˈtralɡuːʃ	vastralgú vasˈtralɡuː	vastralgovuos vasˈtralɡɔvuos	vastralgovuote vasˈtralɡɔvuotɛ	vastralgovú vasˈtralɡɔvuː
past	vastralevei vasˈtralɛvei	vastraleven vasˈtralɛvɛn	vastraleveș vasˈtralɛvɛʃ	vastraleve vasˈtralɛvɛ	vastralevuos vasˈtralɛvuos	vastralevuote vasˈtralɛvuotɛ	vastralevú vasˈtralɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	vastralgriè, vastraldriè (literary) vasˈtralɡri.ɛ vasˈtraldri.ɛ	vastralgrin, vastraldrin (literary) vasˈtralɡrin vasˈtraldrin	vastralgriș, vastraldriș (literary) vasˈtralɡriʃ vasˈtraldriʃ	vastralgri, vastraldri (literary) vasˈtralɡri vasˈtraldri	vastralgúris vasˈtralɡuːris	vastralgúrite vasˈtralɡuːritɛ	vastralgúri vasˈtralɡuːri
past	vastraleriè vasˈtralɛri.ɛ	vastralerin vasˈtralɛrin	vastraleriș vasˈtralɛriʃ	vastraleri vasˈtralɛri	vastralúris ˈvastraluːris	vastralúrite ˈvastraluːritɛ	vastralúri ˈvastraluːri
subjunctive	non-past	vastralgariè vasˈtralɡari.ɛ	vastralgarin vasˈtralɡarin	vastralgariș vasˈtralɡariʃ	vastralgari vasˈtralɡari	vastralgavúris vasˈtralɡavuːris	vastralgavúrite vasˈtralɡavuːritɛ	vastralgavúri vasˈtralɡavuːri
past	vastralairiè ˈvastralairi.ɛ	vastralairin ˈvastralairin	vastralairiș ˈvastralairiʃ	vastralairi ˈvastralairi	vastralavúris vasˈtralavuːris	vastralavúrite vasˈtralavuːritɛ	vastralavúri vasˈtralavuːri
optative	non-past	vastralgúriè vasˈtralɡuːri.ɛ	vastralgúrin vasˈtralɡuːrin	vastralgúriș vasˈtralɡuːriʃ	vastralgúri vasˈtralɡuːri	vastralgovúris vasˈtralɡɔvuːris	vastralgovúrite vasˈtralɡɔvuːritɛ	vastralgovúri vasˈtralɡɔvuːri
past	vastraleveriè vasˈtralɛvɛri.ɛ	vastraleverin vasˈtralɛvɛrin	vastraleveriș vasˈtralɛvɛriʃ	vastraleveri vasˈtralɛvɛri	vastralevúris vasˈtralɛvuːris	vastralevúrite vasˈtralɛvuːritɛ	vastralevúri vasˈtralɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian vatralt, vastralt, from Old Radestrian watraltt, from Proto-Radic *watrwalht, from *wat (with) + *rwalht (stand), equivalent to vas- + rvalt.

vastranþsnouninanimatecountable20/08/2026

ˈvastranθs

GEN.SG vastrunsk NOM.PL vastranþe ADJ vastrunþiș

rail, track

	singular	plural
nominative	vastranþs ˈvastranθs	vastranþe vasˈtranθɛ
vocative	vastranþse vasˈtranθsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	vastrunsk ˈvastrɤnsk	vastranþiris vasˈtranθiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	vastranþis vasˈtranθis
dative	vastranþa vasˈtranθa	vastranþirín vasˈtranθiriːn
accusative	vastranst ˈvastranst	vastranþirid vasˈtranθirid
instrumental	vastranþúr vasˈtranθuːr	vastranþiríe vasˈtranθiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian vastranþs, from Old Radestrian watranþs, from Proto-Radic *watrwanþs, from *wat (with) + *rwanþs (wheel), equivalent to vas- + rvanþs.

vatverb09/07/2026

vat

NPST.1S vage NPST.3S vaș PST.1S hâlei, rnosei PRESPART rnastivú PSPART rnatúl

Variant: -at¹ (post-consonantal enclitic)

1.copula to be

1. introduces an identity predicate (+ noun or adjective)

Ú þvá vage. I am a doctor.

Re gjoriș-aga. You are tall.

2. introduces a stative predicate (+ adverb)

Virșu hņai vancí vaș. My child is sick.

2.intransitive denotes existence; there be (∃x)

Synonym: dvemt (to exist)

Irolars-aș rasda erja loráleva. There’s breakfast on the table for you.

1. to have (possessor = + dative)

Nraos-en-aș. I have a sister.

2. to wear (wearer = yn (at) + dative, er (on) + dative if headwear)

Rniezs-aș venyn. I am wearing a shirt.

Rjes-aș venger. I am wearing a hat.

3.auxiliary

1. forms the continuous aspect; be (doing) (+ adverbial present participle)

2. forms the perfective aspect; have (done) (+ adverbial past participle)

3.must, have to, shall, should (+ supine)

Synonym: slieat

nonfinite forms
infinitive	vat vat
connegative	vat does not have a connegative
supine	vatúr ˈvatuːr
participle	present	adjectival	rnastiș^△ ˈrnastiʃ
adverbial	rnastivú^△ ˈrnastivuː
past	adjectival	rnatúș^△ ˈrnatuːʃ
adverbial	rnatúl^△ ˈrnatuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		vaga ˈvaɡa	vagúș ˈvaɡuːʃ		vaguoș ˈvaɡuoʃ		vagovú ˈvaɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	vage ˈvaɡɛ	vaș vaʃ		vaguos ˈvaɡuos	vaguote vaˈɡuotɛ	vagú ˈvaɡuː
past	hâlei^△, rnosei^△ ˈhɤlei ˈrnɔsei	hâlen^△, rnosen^△ ˈhɤlɛn ˈrnɔsɛn	hâleș^△, rnoseș^△ ˈhɤlɛʃ ˈrnɔsɛʃ	hâle^△, rnose^△ ˈhɤlɛ ˈrnɔsɛ	hâluos^△, rnosuos^△ ˈhɤluos ˈrnɔsuos	hâluote^△, rnosuote^△ hɤˈluotɛ rnɔˈsuotɛ	hâlú^△, rnosú^△ ˈhɤluː ˈrnɔsuː
subjunctive	non-past	vagai ˈvaɡai	vagá ˈvaɡaː	vagaș ˈvaɡaʃ	vaga ˈvaɡa	vagavuos ˈvaɡavuos	vagavuote ˈvaɡavuotɛ	vagavú ˈvaɡavuː
past	hâlai^△, rnosai^△ ˈhɤlai ˈrnɔsai	hâlain^△, rnosain^△ ˈhɤlain ˈrnɔsain	hâlaiș^△, rnosaiș^△ ˈhɤlaiʃ ˈrnɔsaiʃ	hâlai^△, rnosai^△ ˈhɤlai ˈrnɔsai	hâlavuos^△ ˈhɤlavuos	hâlavuote^△ ˈhɤlavuotɛ	hâlavú^△ ˈhɤlavuː
optative	non-past	vagúe vaˈɡuːɛ	vagova ˈvaɡɔva	vagúș ˈvaɡuːʃ	vagú ˈvaɡuː	vagovuos ˈvaɡɔvuos	vagovuote ˈvaɡɔvuotɛ	vagovú ˈvaɡɔvuː
past	hâlevei^△, rnosevei^△ ˈhɤlɛvei ˈrnɔsɛvei	hâleven^△, rnoseven^△ ˈhɤlɛvɛn ˈrnɔsɛvɛn	hâleveș^△, rnoseveș^△ ˈhɤlɛvɛʃ ˈrnɔsɛvɛʃ	hâleve^△, rnoseve^△ ˈhɤlɛvɛ ˈrnɔsɛvɛ	hâlevuos^△, rnosevuos^△ ˈhɤlɛvuos ˈrnɔsɛvuos	hâlevuote^△, rnosevuote^△ ˈhɤlɛvuotɛ ˈrnɔsɛvuotɛ	hâlevú^△, rnosevú^△ ˈhɤlɛvuː ˈrnɔsɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	variè^△ ˈvari.ɛ	varin^△ ˈvarin	variș^△ ˈvariʃ	vari^△ ˈvari	vagúris vaˈɡuːris	vagúrite vaˈɡuːritɛ	vagúri vaˈɡuːri
past	hâleriè^△, rnoseriè^△ hɤˈlɛri.ɛ rnɔˈsɛri.ɛ	hâlerin^△, rnoserin^△ ˈhɤlɛrin ˈrnɔsɛrin	hâleriș^△, rnoseriș^△ ˈhɤlɛriʃ ˈrnɔsɛriʃ	hâleri^△, rnoseri^△ ˈhɤlɛri ˈrnɔsɛri	hâlúris^△, rnosúris^△ hɤˈluːris rnɔˈsuːris	hâlúrite^△, rnosúrite^△ hɤˈluːritɛ rnɔˈsuːritɛ	hâlúri^△, rnosúri^△ hɤˈluːri rnɔˈsuːri
subjunctive	non-past	vagariè vaˈɡari.ɛ	vagarin ˈvaɡarin	vagariș ˈvaɡariʃ	vagari ˈvaɡari	vagavúris ˈvaɡavuːris	vagavúrite ˈvaɡavuːritɛ	vagavúri ˈvaɡavuːri
past	hâlairiè^△, rnosairiè^△ hɤˈlairi.ɛ rnɔˈsairi.ɛ	hâlairin^△, rnosairin^△ hɤˈlairin rnɔˈsairin	hâlairiș^△, rnosairiș^△ hɤˈlairiʃ rnɔˈsairiʃ	hâlairi^△, rnosairi^△ hɤˈlairi rnɔˈsairi	hâlavúris^△ ˈhɤlavuːris	hâlavúrite^△ ˈhɤlavuːritɛ	hâlavúri^△ ˈhɤlavuːri
optative	non-past	vagúriè vaˈɡuːri.ɛ	vagúrin vaˈɡuːrin	vagúriș vaˈɡuːriʃ	vagúri vaˈɡuːri	vagovúris ˈvaɡɔvuːris	vagovúrite ˈvaɡɔvuːritɛ	vagovúri ˈvaɡɔvuːri
past	hâleveriè^△, rnoseveriè^△ hɤˈlɛvɛri.ɛ rnɔˈsɛvɛri.ɛ	hâleverin^△, rnoseverin^△ hɤˈlɛvɛrin rnɔˈsɛvɛrin	hâleveriș^△, rnoseveriș^△ hɤˈlɛvɛriʃ rnɔˈsɛvɛriʃ	hâleveri^△, rnoseveri^△ hɤˈlɛvɛri rnɔˈsɛvɛri	hâlevúris^△, rnosevúris^△ ˈhɤlɛvuːris ˈrnɔsɛvuːris	hâlevúrite^△, rnosevúrite^△ ˈhɤlɛvuːritɛ ˈrnɔsɛvuːritɛ	hâlevúri^△, rnosevúri^△ ˈhɤlɛvuːri ˈrnɔsɛvuːri

The neutral past form is hâlei; rnosei is used to contrast the past from the present.

From Middle Radestrian hvatt, from Old Radestrian hlatt, from Proto-Radic *hılht, from Proto-Hirdic *p̄ɯl-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *pɯl- (to be). Suppleted forms from the Proto-Laenkean root *(s)natʼ- (to become).

hjeat

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