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rostvieat verbintransitive07/08/2026

ˈrɔstfiat

NPST.1S rostvíe PST.1S rostvíșei PRESPART rostvietivú PSPART rostvívúl

to bloom, to blossom

nonfinite forms
infinitive	rostvieat ˈrɔstfiat
connegative	rostvieata rɔsˈtfiata
supine	rostvieatúr rɔsˈtfiatuːr
participle	present	adjectival	rostvietiș^△ rɔsˈtfietiʃ
adverbial	rostvietivú^△ rɔsˈtfietivuː
past	adjectival	rostvívúș rɔsˈtfiːvuːʃ
adverbial	rostvívúl rɔsˈtfiːvuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		rostvieà rɔsˈtfiːa	rostvieúș rɔsˈtfiːuːʃ		rostvieuoș rɔsˈtfiːuoʃ		rostvieovú rɔsˈtfiːɔvuː
indicative	non-past	rostvíe rɔsˈtfiːɛ	rostvieaș ˈrɔstfiaʃ	rostvie ˈrɔstfie	rostvieuos rɔsˈtfiːuos	rostvieuote rɔsˈtfiːuotɛ	rostvieú rɔsˈtfiːuː
past	rostvíșei rɔsˈtfiːʃei	rostvíșen rɔsˈtfiːʃɛn	rostvíșeș rɔsˈtfiːʃɛʃ	rostvíșe rɔsˈtfiːʃɛ	rostvíșuos rɔsˈtfiːʃuos	rostvíșuote rɔsˈtfiːʃuotɛ	rostvíșú rɔsˈtfiːʃuː
subjunctive	non-past	rostvieai rɔsˈtfiːai	rostvieá rɔsˈtfiːaː	rostvieàș rɔsˈtfiːaʃ	rostvieà rɔsˈtfiːa	rostvieàvuos rɔsˈtfiːavuos	rostvieàvuote rɔsˈtfiːavuotɛ	rostvieàvú rɔsˈtfiːavuː
past	rostvíșai rɔsˈtfiːʃai	rostvíșain rɔsˈtfiːʃain	rostvíșaiș rɔsˈtfiːʃaiʃ	rostvíșai rɔsˈtfiːʃai	rostvíșavuos rɔsˈtfiːʃavuos	rostvíșavuote rɔsˈtfiːʃavuotɛ	rostvíșavú rɔsˈtfiːʃavuː
optative	non-past	rostvieúe rɔsˈtfiːuːɛ	rostvieova rɔsˈtfiːɔva	rostvieúș rɔsˈtfiːuːʃ	rostvieú rɔsˈtfiːuː	rostvieovuos rɔsˈtfiːɔvuos	rostvieovuote rɔsˈtfiːɔvuotɛ	rostvieovú rɔsˈtfiːɔvuː
past	rostvíșevei rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvei	rostvíșeven rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛn	rostvíșeveș rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛʃ	rostvíșeve rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛ	rostvíșevuos rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvuos	rostvíșevuote rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvuotɛ	rostvíșevú rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	rostvieriè rɔsˈtfieri.ɛ	rostvierin rɔsˈtfierin	rostvieriș rɔsˈtfieriʃ	rostvieri rɔsˈtfieri	rostvieúris rɔsˈtfiːuːris	rostvieúrite rɔsˈtfiːuːritɛ	rostvieúri rɔsˈtfiːuːri
past	rostvíșeriè rɔsˈtfiːʃɛri.ɛ	rostvíșerin rɔsˈtfiːʃɛrin	rostvíșeriș rɔsˈtfiːʃɛriʃ	rostvíșeri rɔsˈtfiːʃɛri	rostvíșúris rɔsˈtfiːʃuːris	rostvíșúrite rɔsˈtfiːʃuːritɛ	rostvíșúri rɔsˈtfiːʃuːri
subjunctive	non-past	rostvieàriè rɔsˈtfiːari.ɛ	rostvieàrin rɔsˈtfiːarin	rostvieàriș rɔsˈtfiːariʃ	rostvieàri rɔsˈtfiːari	rostvieàvúris rɔsˈtfiːavuːris	rostvieàvúrite rɔsˈtfiːavuːritɛ	rostvieàvúri rɔsˈtfiːavuːri
past	rostvíșairiè rɔsˈtfiːʃairi.ɛ	rostvíșairin rɔsˈtfiːʃairin	rostvíșairiș rɔsˈtfiːʃairiʃ	rostvíșairi rɔsˈtfiːʃairi	rostvíșavúris rɔsˈtfiːʃavuːris	rostvíșavúrite rɔsˈtfiːʃavuːritɛ	rostvíșavúri rɔsˈtfiːʃavuːri
optative	non-past	rostvieúriè rɔsˈtfiːuːri.ɛ	rostvieúrin rɔsˈtfiːuːrin	rostvieúriș rɔsˈtfiːuːriʃ	rostvieúri rɔsˈtfiːuːri	rostvieovúris rɔsˈtfiːɔvuːris	rostvieovúrite rɔsˈtfiːɔvuːritɛ	rostvieovúri rɔsˈtfiːɔvuːri
past	rostvíșeveriè rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛri.ɛ	rostvíșeverin rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛrin	rostvíșeveriș rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛriʃ	rostvíșeveri rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvɛri	rostvíșevúris rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvuːris	rostvíșevúrite rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvuːritɛ	rostvíșevúri rɔsˈtfiːʃɛvuːri

From earlier rovutvieat, with /s/ acquired by contamination from rovâs, from Middle Radestrian arovutvêht, rovutvêht, from Old Radestrian ǧroluttvêhtt, from Proto-Radic *ǧurluhtvêhht, from *ǧurlohþur (blossom) + *vêhht (to carry).

rotus nouninanimatecountableoruncountable07/08/2026

ˈrɔtɤs

GEN.SG rotug DAT.SG rotuva NOM.PL rotui ADJ rotuiș

horror, terror

	singular	plural
nominative	rotus ˈrɔtɤs	rotui ˈrɔtɤi
vocative	rotûse ˈrɔtɤsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rotug ˈrɔtɤɡ	rotuiris rɔˈtɤiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rotuis ˈrɔtɤis
dative	rotuva ˈrɔtuva	rotuirín rɔˈtɤiriːn
accusative	rotud ˈrɔtɤd	rotuirid rɔˈtɤirid
instrumental	rotuvúr ˈrɔtuvuːr	rotuiríe rɔˈtɤiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian arotuss, rotuss, from Old Radestrian ǧrotūr, from Proto-Radic *ǧurtuwur, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱu-stuw-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *stuw- (to rot, to putrefy).

rovâs nouninanimatecountable07/08/2026

ˈrɔvɤs

GEN.SG rovâsk NOM.PL rovâse ADJ rovâsiș

botany blossom

	singular	plural
nominative	rovâs ˈrɔvɤs	rovâse ˈrɔvɤsɛ
vocative	rovâse ˈrɔvɤsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rovâsk ˈrɔvɤsk	rovâsiris rɔˈvɤsiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rovâsis ˈrɔvɤsis
dative	rovâsa ˈrɔvɤsa	rovâsirín rɔˈvɤsiriːn
accusative	rovâst ˈrɔvɤst	rovâsirid rɔˈvɤsirid
instrumental	rovâsúr ˈrɔvɤsuːr	rovâsiríe rɔˈvɤsiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian arovuss, rovuss, from Old Radestrian ǧroloþþro, from Proto-Radic *ǧurlohþur, from Proto-Hirdic *ghuslóhthus, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱo-sloh-tʰ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *sloh- (to abound).

rovír nounanimatecountable07/08/2026

ˈrɔviːr

GEN.SG roví NOM.PL rovíre GEN₂.PL rovjes ADJ rovíș

animal breeder

	singular	plural
nominative	rovír ˈrɔviːr	rovíre rɔˈviːrɛ
vocative	rovíse rɔˈviːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	roví ˈrɔviː	rovíris rɔˈviːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rovjes ˈrɔvjɛs
dative	rovea ˈrɔvæː	rovírín rɔˈviːriːn
accusative	rovíd ˈrɔviːd	rovírid rɔˈviːrid
instrumental	roveúr ˈrɔvɛ.uːr	rovíríe rɔˈviːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian rufér, from Old Radestrian rufēr, from Proto-Radic *rufēr, from Proto-Hirdic *ruphéḡis, from Proto-Laenkean *rupʰ-ég-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *riwpʰ- (to penetrate, to copulate).

røat verb07/08/2026

rœat

NPST.1S røi PST.1S ryșei PRESPART røșevú PSPART røvúl

1.transitive to take

2.auxiliary will, shall

nonfinite forms
infinitive	røat rœat
connegative	røata ˈrœata
supine	røatúr ˈrœatuːr
participle	present	adjectival	røșeș ˈrœʃɛʃ
adverbial	røșevú ˈrœʃɛvuː
past	adjectival	røvúș ˈrœvuːʃ
adverbial	røvúl ˈrœvuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		røà ˈrœ.a	røúș ˈrœ.uːʃ		ryuoș ˈri.uoʃ		røovú ˈrœ.ɔvuː
indicative	non-past	røi rai	røaș rœaʃ	rø rœ	ryuos ˈri.uos	ryuote riˈuotɛ	ryú ˈri.uː
past	ryșei ˈriʃei	ryșen ˈriʃɛn	ryșeș ˈriʃɛʃ	ryșe ˈriʃɛ	ryșuos ˈriʃuos	ryșuote riˈʃuotɛ	ryșú ˈriʃuː
subjunctive	non-past	røai ˈrœ.ai	røá ˈrœ.aː	røàș ˈrœ.aʃ	røà ˈrœ.a	røàvuos ˈrœ.avuos	røàvuote ˈrœ.avuotɛ	røàvú ˈrœ.avuː
past	ryșai ˈriʃai	ryșain ˈriʃain	ryșaiș ˈriʃaiʃ	ryșai ˈriʃai	ryșavuos ˈriʃavuos	ryșavuote ˈriʃavuotɛ	ryșavú ˈriʃavuː
optative	non-past	røúe rœˈuːɛ	røova ˈrœ.ɔva	røúș ˈrœ.uːʃ	røú ˈrœ.uː	røovuos ˈrœ.ɔvuos	røovuote ˈrœ.ɔvuotɛ	røovú ˈrœ.ɔvuː
past	ryșevei ˈriʃɛvei	ryșeven ˈriʃɛvɛn	ryșeveș ˈriʃɛvɛʃ	ryșeve ˈriʃɛvɛ	ryșevuos ˈriʃɛvuos	ryșevuote ˈriʃɛvuotɛ	ryșevú ˈriʃɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	røriè ˈrœri.ɛ	rørin ˈrœrin	røriș ˈrœriʃ	røri ˈrœri	ryúris riˈuːris	ryúrite riˈuːritɛ	ryúri riˈuːri
past	ryșeriè riˈʃɛri.ɛ	ryșerin ˈriʃɛrin	ryșeriș ˈriʃɛriʃ	ryșeri ˈriʃɛri	ryșúris riˈʃuːris	ryșúrite riˈʃuːritɛ	ryșúri riˈʃuːri
subjunctive	non-past	røàriè rœˈari.ɛ	røàrin ˈrœ.arin	røàriș ˈrœ.ariʃ	røàri ˈrœ.ari	røàvúris ˈrœ.avuːris	røàvúrite ˈrœ.avuːritɛ	røàvúri ˈrœ.avuːri
past	ryșairiè riˈʃairi.ɛ	ryșairin riˈʃairin	ryșairiș riˈʃairiʃ	ryșairi riˈʃairi	ryșavúris ˈriʃavuːris	ryșavúrite ˈriʃavuːritɛ	ryșavúri ˈriʃavuːri
optative	non-past	røúriè rœˈuːri.ɛ	røúrin rœˈuːrin	røúriș rœˈuːriʃ	røúri rœˈuːri	røovúris ˈrœ.ɔvuːris	røovúrite ˈrœ.ɔvuːritɛ	røovúri ˈrœ.ɔvuːri
past	ryșeveriè riˈʃɛvɛri.ɛ	ryșeverin riˈʃɛvɛrin	ryșeveriș riˈʃɛvɛriʃ	ryșeveri riˈʃɛvɛri	ryșevúris ˈriʃɛvuːris	ryșevúrite ˈriʃɛvuːritɛ	ryșevúri ˈriʃɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	røruot ˈrœruot
connegative	røruota rœˈruota
supine	røruotúr rœˈruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	røștruviș ˈrœʃtruviʃ
adverbial	røștruvivú rœʃˈtruvivuː
past	adjectival	røvuokș rœˈvuokʃ
adverbial	røvúk ˈrœvuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		rørúa rœˈruːa	røruvúș ˈrœruvuːʃ		røruvuoș ˈrœruvuoʃ		røruvovú rœˈruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	rørúe rœˈruːɛ	røruva ˈrœruva	rørúș ˈrœruːʃ	rørú ˈrœruː	røruvuos ˈrœruvuos	røruvuote ˈrœruvuotɛ	røruvú ˈrœruvuː
past	ryștruvei ˈriʃtruvei	ryștruven ˈriʃtruvɛn	ryștruveș ˈriʃtruvɛʃ	ryștruve ˈriʃtruvɛ	ryștruvuos ˈriʃtruvuos	ryștruvuote ˈriʃtruvuotɛ	ryștruvú ˈriʃtruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	røruvai ˈrœruvai	røruvá ˈrœruvaː	røruvaș ˈrœruvaʃ	røruva ˈrœruva	røruvavuos rœˈruvavuos	røruvavuote rœˈruvavuotɛ	røruvavú rœˈruvavuː
past	ryștruvai ˈriʃtruvai	ryștruvain ˈriʃtruvain	ryștruvaiș ˈriʃtruvaiʃ	ryștruvai ˈriʃtruvai	ryștruvavuos riʃˈtruvavuos	ryștruvavuote riʃˈtruvavuotɛ	ryștruvavú riʃˈtruvavuː
optative	non-past	røruvúe ˈrœruvuːɛ	røruvova rœˈruvɔva	røruvúș ˈrœruvuːʃ	røruvú ˈrœruvuː	røruvovuos rœˈruvɔvuos	røruvovuote rœˈruvɔvuotɛ	røruvovú rœˈruvɔvuː
past	ryștruvevei riʃˈtruvɛvei	ryștruveven riʃˈtruvɛvɛn	ryștruveveș riʃˈtruvɛvɛʃ	ryștruveve riʃˈtruvɛvɛ	ryștruvevuos riʃˈtruvɛvuos	ryștruvevuote riʃˈtruvɛvuotɛ	ryștruvevú riʃˈtruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	rørúriè rœˈruːri.ɛ	rørúrin rœˈruːrin	rørúriș rœˈruːriʃ	rørúri rœˈruːri	røruvúris ˈrœruvuːris	røruvúrite ˈrœruvuːritɛ	røruvúri ˈrœruvuːri
past	ryștruveriè riʃˈtruvɛri.ɛ	ryștruverin riʃˈtruvɛrin	ryștruveriș riʃˈtruvɛriʃ	ryștruveri riʃˈtruvɛri	ryștruvúris ˈriʃtruvuːris	ryștruvúrite ˈriʃtruvuːritɛ	ryștruvúri ˈriʃtruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	røruvariè rœˈruvari.ɛ	røruvarin rœˈruvarin	røruvariș rœˈruvariʃ	røruvari rœˈruvari	røruvavúris rœˈruvavuːris	røruvavúrite rœˈruvavuːritɛ	røruvavúri rœˈruvavuːri
past	ryștruvairiè ˈriʃtruvairi.ɛ	ryștruvairin ˈriʃtruvairin	ryștruvairiș ˈriʃtruvairiʃ	ryștruvairi ˈriʃtruvairi	ryștruvavúris riʃˈtruvavuːris	ryștruvavúrite riʃˈtruvavuːritɛ	ryștruvavúri riʃˈtruvavuːri
optative	non-past	røruvúriè ˈrœruvuːri.ɛ	røruvúrin ˈrœruvuːrin	røruvúriș ˈrœruvuːriʃ	røruvúri ˈrœruvuːri	røruvovúris rœˈruvɔvuːris	røruvovúrite rœˈruvɔvuːritɛ	røruvovúri rœˈruvɔvuːri
past	ryștruveveriè riʃˈtruvɛvɛri.ɛ	ryștruveverin riʃˈtruvɛvɛrin	ryștruveveriș riʃˈtruvɛvɛriʃ	ryștruveveri riʃˈtruvɛvɛri	ryștruvevúris riʃˈtruvɛvuːris	ryștruvevúrite riʃˈtruvɛvuːritɛ	ryștruvevúri riʃˈtruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian røht, from Old Radestrian røhtt, from Proto-Radic *rwehht, from Proto-Hirdic *rweḵ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *rwek- (to hold, to find).

[[a>ă]] Rredeșa proper nouninanimate25/07/2026

ar‿ˈrɛdɛʃa

When preceded by any vowel-final article, Rredeșa and all its related forms are pronounced with the geminated /rr-/.

GEN.SG [[a>ă]] Rredeșesk ADJ rredeșeș

in-world Radestria (country)

	singular
nominative	[[a>ă]] Rredeșa ar‿ˈrɛdɛʃa
vocative	Rredeșese rɛˈdɛʃɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	[[a>ă]] Rredeșesk ar‿ˈrɛdɛʃɛsk
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	[[a>ă]]s Rredeșesk as ˈrɛdɛʃɛsk
dative	[[a>ă]] Rredeșen ar‿ˈrɛdɛʃɛn
accusative	[[a>ă]] Rredeșest ar‿ˈrɛdɛʃɛst
instrumental	[[a>ă]] Rredeșevúr ar‿rɛˈdɛʃɛvuːr

From Middle Radestrian Hredeșre, from Proto-Radic *Hirdèšir (the Radic Kingdom), from Proto-Hirdic *K̠irḏɛ́ḵjis (the Hirdic Kingdom), from Proto-Laenkean *ki<gr̥>d-ǽkje-, ultimately from Proto-Laenkean *kɯ<gɯr>dɯs (tree). See hrieds.

Rrezlieþs

rredeșeí adverbuncomparable12/05/2026

ADJ rredeșeș

in Radestrian

rredeșeș (Radestrian) + -í

rredeșeș adjectiveuncomparable28/09/2026

ˈrɛdɛʃɛʃ

ADV rredeșeí

Radestrian (of or pertaining to Radestria)

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
rredeșeș ˈrɛdɛʃɛʃ	rredeșeșe rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
rredeșeș[[a>ă]] rɛˈdɛʃɛʃa	rredeșeș[[a>ă]]’ rɛˈdɛʃɛʃa	rredeșeș[[a>ă]]g rɛˈdɛʃɛʃaɡ	rredeșeș[[a>ă]]i rɛˈdɛʃɛʃai	rredeșeșei, rredeșeși (colloquial) rɛˈdɛʃɛʃei rɛˈdɛʃɛʃi	rredeșeșu rɛˈdɛʃɛʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	rredeșeșe rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rredeșeșk ˈrɛdɛʃɛʃk	rredeșeșesk rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛsk	rredeșeșeris rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rredeșeșes rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛs
dative	rredeșeșa rɛˈdɛʃɛʃa	rredeșeșen rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛn	rredeșeșerín rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛriːn
accusative	rredeșeșt ˈrɛdɛʃɛʃt	rredeșeșest rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛst	rredeșeșerid rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛrid
instrumental	rredeșeșúr rɛˈdɛʃɛʃuːr	rredeșeșevúr rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛvuːr	rredeșeșeríe rɛˈdɛʃɛʃɛriːɛ

From Rredeșa (Radestria) + -ș. Doublet of sreveșeș (Kirvic).

Rrezlieþs nounanimatecountable11/06/2026

ˈrɛzlieθs

GEN.SG Rrezliesk DAT.SG Rrezlíða NOM.PL Rrezlieðe

in-world Radestrian (person)

	singular	plural
nominative	Rrezlieþs ˈrɛzlieθs	Rrezlieðe rɛzˈlieðɛ
vocative	Rrezlieþse rɛzˈlieθsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	Rrezliesk ˈrɛzliesk	Rrezlíðiris rɛzˈliːðiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	Rrezlíðis rɛzˈliːðis
dative	Rrezlíða rɛzˈliːða	Rrezlíðirín rɛzˈliːðiriːn
accusative	Rrezliest ˈrɛzliest	Rrezlíðirid rɛzˈliːðirid
instrumental	Rrezlíðúr rɛzˈliːðuːr	Rrezlíðiríe rɛzˈliːðiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian Hrezlíþs, Rrezlíþs, from Old Radestrian Hredlijþre, from Hredešre (Radestria) + lȳjþre (person), equivalent to Rredeșa + lyejþs.

-rt suffixverbal27/05/2026

-rt

NPST.1S -rge PST.1S -rei PRESPART -rivú PSPART -rúl

alternative form of -rut (after light stems)

nonfinite forms
infinitive	-rt -rt
connegative	-rta -rta
supine	-rtúr -rtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	-riș -riʃ
adverbial	-rivú -rivuː
past	adjectival	-rúș -ruːʃ
adverbial	-rúl -ruːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		-rga -rɡa	-rgúș -rɡuːʃ		-rguoș -rɡuoʃ		-rgovú -rɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	-rge -rɡɛ	-rș -rʃ	-rg -rɡ	-rguos -rɡuos	-rguote -rɡuotɛ	-rgú -rɡuː
past	-rei -rei	-ren -rɛn	-reș -rɛʃ	-re -rɛ	-ruos -ruos	-ruote -ruotɛ	-rú -ruː
subjunctive	non-past	-rgai -rɡai	-rgá -rɡaː	-rgaș -rɡaʃ	-rga -rɡa	-rgavuos -rɡavuos	-rgavuote -rɡavuotɛ	-rgavú -rɡavuː
past	-rai -rai	-rain -rain	-raiș -raiʃ	-rai -rai	-ravuos -ravuos	-ravuote -ravuotɛ	-ravú -ravuː
optative	non-past	-rgúe -rɡuːɛ	-rgova -rɡɔva	-rgúș -rɡuːʃ	-rgú -rɡuː	-rgovuos -rɡɔvuos	-rgovuote -rɡɔvuotɛ	-rgovú -rɡɔvuː
past	-revei -rɛvei	-reven -rɛvɛn	-reveș -rɛvɛʃ	-reve -rɛvɛ	-revuos -rɛvuos	-revuote -rɛvuotɛ	-revú -rɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	-rgriè, -riè (literary) -rɡri.ɛ -ri.ɛ	-rgrin, -rin (literary) -rɡrin -rin	-rgriș, -riș (literary) -rɡriʃ -riʃ	-rgri, -ri (literary) -rɡri -ri	-rgúris -rɡuːris	-rgúrite -rɡuːritɛ	-rgúri -rɡuːri
past	-reriè -rɛri.ɛ	-rerin -rɛrin	-reriș -rɛriʃ	-reri -rɛri	-rúris -ruːris	-rúrite -ruːritɛ	-rúri -ruːri
subjunctive	non-past	-rgariè -rɡari.ɛ	-rgarin -rɡarin	-rgariș -rɡariʃ	-rgari -rɡari	-rgavúris -rɡavuːris	-rgavúrite -rɡavuːritɛ	-rgavúri -rɡavuːri
past	-rairiè -rairi.ɛ	-rairin -rairin	-rairiș -rairiʃ	-rairi -rairi	-ravúris -ravuːris	-ravúrite -ravuːritɛ	-ravúri -ravuːri
optative	non-past	-rgúriè -rɡuːri.ɛ	-rgúrin -rɡuːrin	-rgúriș -rɡuːriʃ	-rgúri -rɡuːri	-rgovúris -rɡɔvuːris	-rgovúrite -rɡɔvuːritɛ	-rgovúri -rɡɔvuːri
past	-reveriè -rɛvɛri.ɛ	-reverin -rɛvɛrin	-reveriș -rɛvɛriʃ	-reveri -rɛvɛri	-revúris -rɛvuːris	-revúrite -rɛvuːritɛ	-revúri -rɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	-ruot -ruot
connegative	-ruota -ruota
supine	-ruotúr -ruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	-ruviș -ruviʃ
adverbial	-ruvivú -ruvivuː
past	adjectival	-ruokș -ruokʃ
adverbial	-rúk -ruːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		-rgrúa, -rúa (literary) -rɡruːa -ruːa	-rgruvúș, -ruvúș (literary) -rɡruvuːʃ -ruvuːʃ		-rgruvuoș, -ruvuoș (literary) -rɡruvuoʃ -ruvuoʃ		-rgruvovú, -ruvovú (literary) -rɡruvɔvuː -ruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	-rgrúe, -rúe (literary) -rɡruːɛ -ruːɛ	-rgruva, -ruva (literary) -rɡruva -ruva	-rgrúș, -rúș (literary) -rɡruːʃ -ruːʃ	-rgrú, -rú (literary) -rɡruː -ruː	-rgruvuos, -ruvuos (literary) -rɡruvuos -ruvuos	-rgruvuote, -ruvuote (literary) -rɡruvuotɛ -ruvuotɛ	-rgruvú, -ruvú (literary) -rɡruvuː -ruvuː
past	Noneuvei nɔˈnɛ.uvei	Noneuven nɔˈnɛ.uvɛn	Noneuveș nɔˈnɛ.uvɛʃ	Noneuve nɔˈnɛ.uvɛ	Noneuvuos nɔˈnɛ.uvuos	Noneuvuote nɔˈnɛ.uvuotɛ	Noneuvú nɔˈnɛ.uvuː
subjunctive	non-past	-rgruvai, -ruvai (literary) -rɡruvai -ruvai	-rgruvá, -ruvá (literary) -rɡruvaː -ruvaː	-rgruvaș, -ruvaș (literary) -rɡruvaʃ -ruvaʃ	-rgruva, -ruva (literary) -rɡruva -ruva	-rgruvavuos, -ruvavuos (literary) -rɡruvavuos -ruvavuos	-rgruvavuote, -ruvavuote (literary) -rɡruvavuotɛ -ruvavuotɛ	-rgruvavú, -ruvavú (literary) -rɡruvavuː -ruvavuː
past	Noneuvai nɔˈnɛ.uvai	Noneuvain nɔˈnɛ.uvain	Noneuvaiș nɔˈnɛ.uvaiʃ	Noneuvai nɔˈnɛ.uvai	Noneuvavuos nɔˈnɛ.uvavuos	Noneuvavuote nɔˈnɛ.uvavuotɛ	Noneuvavú nɔˈnɛ.uvavuː
optative	non-past	-rgruvúe, -ruvúe (literary) -rɡruvuːɛ -ruvuːɛ	-rgruvova, -ruvova (literary) -rɡruvɔva -ruvɔva	-rgruvúș, -ruvúș (literary) -rɡruvuːʃ -ruvuːʃ	-rgruvú, -ruvú (literary) -rɡruvuː -ruvuː	-rgruvovuos, -ruvovuos (literary) -rɡruvɔvuos -ruvɔvuos	-rgruvovuote, -ruvovuote (literary) -rɡruvɔvuotɛ -ruvɔvuotɛ	-rgruvovú, -ruvovú (literary) -rɡruvɔvuː -ruvɔvuː
past	Noneuvevei nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvei	Noneuveven nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛn	Noneuveveș nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛʃ	Noneuveve nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛ	Noneuvevuos nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvuos	Noneuvevuote nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvuotɛ	Noneuvevú nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	-rgrúriè, -rúriè (literary) -rɡruːri.ɛ -ruːri.ɛ	-rgrúrin, -rúrin (literary) -rɡruːrin -ruːrin	-rgrúriș, -rúriș (literary) -rɡruːriʃ -ruːriʃ	-rgrúri, -rúri (literary) -rɡruːri -ruːri	-rgruvúris, -ruvúris (literary) -rɡruvuːris -ruvuːris	-rgruvúrite, -ruvúrite (literary) -rɡruvuːritɛ -ruvuːritɛ	-rgruvúri, -ruvúri (literary) -rɡruvuːri -ruvuːri
past	Noneuveriè nɔˈnɛ.uvɛri.ɛ	Noneuverin nɔˈnɛ.uvɛrin	Noneuveriș nɔˈnɛ.uvɛriʃ	Noneuveri nɔˈnɛ.uvɛri	Noneuvúris nɔˈnɛ.uvuːris	Noneuvúrite nɔˈnɛ.uvuːritɛ	Noneuvúri nɔˈnɛ.uvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	-rgruvariè, -ruvariè (literary) -rɡruvari.ɛ -ruvari.ɛ	-rgruvarin, -ruvarin (literary) -rɡruvarin -ruvarin	-rgruvariș, -ruvariș (literary) -rɡruvariʃ -ruvariʃ	-rgruvari, -ruvari (literary) -rɡruvari -ruvari	-rgruvavúris, -ruvavúris (literary) -rɡruvavuːris -ruvavuːris	-rgruvavúrite, -ruvavúrite (literary) -rɡruvavuːritɛ -ruvavuːritɛ	-rgruvavúri, -ruvavúri (literary) -rɡruvavuːri -ruvavuːri
past	Noneuvairiè nɔˈnɛ.uvairi.ɛ	Noneuvairin nɔˈnɛ.uvairin	Noneuvairiș nɔˈnɛ.uvairiʃ	Noneuvairi nɔˈnɛ.uvairi	Noneuvavúris nɔˈnɛ.uvavuːris	Noneuvavúrite nɔˈnɛ.uvavuːritɛ	Noneuvavúri nɔˈnɛ.uvavuːri
optative	non-past	-rgruvúriè, -ruvúriè (literary) -rɡruvuːri.ɛ -ruvuːri.ɛ	-rgruvúrin, -ruvúrin (literary) -rɡruvuːrin -ruvuːrin	-rgruvúriș, -ruvúriș (literary) -rɡruvuːriʃ -ruvuːriʃ	-rgruvúri, -ruvúri (literary) -rɡruvuːri -ruvuːri	-rgruvovúris, -ruvovúris (literary) -rɡruvɔvuːris -ruvɔvuːris	-rgruvovúrite, -ruvovúrite (literary) -rɡruvɔvuːritɛ -ruvɔvuːritɛ	-rgruvovúri, -ruvovúri (literary) -rɡruvɔvuːri -ruvɔvuːri
past	Noneuveveriè nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛri.ɛ	Noneuveverin nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛrin	Noneuveveriș nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛriʃ	Noneuveveri nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvɛri	Noneuvevúris nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvuːris	Noneuvevúrite nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvuːritɛ	Noneuvevúri nɔˈnɛ.uvɛvuːri

From Proto-Radic *-rht, from Proto-Laenkean *-r̥-.

rú- prefix07/08/2026

ˈruː-

1.re-, again

2.back

From Middle Radestrian rú-, from Old Radestrian rū-, from Proto-Radic *ruw-, *rub-, from Proto-Hirdic *ruḇ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ru(b)-.

-rúd suffixadverbial28/07/2026

-ruːd

ADJ -rúdiș

-wards, -bound

hováșe → hovuoștrúd north → northbound

Causes breaking and stem vowel raising, which is a reanalysis of the genitive.

Further grammaticalisation of hrúd² (-ward).

-rúdiș suffixadjectival28/07/2026

-ruːdiʃ

ADJ -rúd

-ward, -bound

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
-rúdiș -ruːdiʃ	-rúdișe -ruːdiʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
-rúdiș[[a>ă]] -ruːdiʃa	-rúdiș[[a>ă]]’ -ruːdiʃa	-rúdiș[[a>ă]]g -ruːdiʃaɡ	-rúdiș[[a>ă]]i -ruːdiʃai	-rúdișei, -rúdiși (colloquial) -ruːdiʃei -ruːdiʃi	-rúdișu -ruːdiʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	-rúdișe -ruːdiʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	-rúdișk -ruːdiʃk	-rúdișesk -ruːdiʃɛsk	-rúdișeris -ruːdiʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	-rúdișes -ruːdiʃɛs
dative	-rúdișa -ruːdiʃa	-rúdișen -ruːdiʃɛn	-rúdișerín -ruːdiʃɛriːn
accusative	-rúdișt -ruːdiʃt	-rúdișest -ruːdiʃɛst	-rúdișerid -ruːdiʃɛrid
instrumental	-rúdișúr -ruːdiʃuːr	-rúdișevúr -ruːdiʃɛvuːr	-rúdișeríe -ruːdiʃɛriːɛ

Causes breaking and stem vowel raising, which is a reanalysis of the genitive.

Grammaticalisation of hrúdiș (-ward), or from -rúd + -iș.

rufua nounanimatecountable07/08/2026

ˈrufu.a ˈrufwa

Nonstandardly also /ˈrɤfu.a/.

GEN.SG rufvusk NOM.PL rufvore ADJ rufvuș

zoology snake

	singular	plural
nominative	rufua ˈrufu.a	rufvore ˈrɤfɔrɛ
vocative	rufvose ˈrɤfɔsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rufvusk ˈrɤfɤsk	rufvoris ˈrɤfɔris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rufvus ˈrɤfɤs
dative	rufvun ˈrɤfɤn	rufvorín ˈrɤfɔriːn
accusative	rufvust ˈrɤfɤst	rufvorid ˈrɤfɔrid
instrumental	rufvovúr ˈrɤfɔvuːr	rufvoríe ˈrɤfɔriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian rúpura, from Old Radestrian rŭpwor, from Proto-Radic *(h)rıpǧor, from Proto-Hirdic *(h)rəpghós, from Proto-Laenkean *ʔr̥pʰ-gʱó-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ʔirpʰ- (to writhe).

rúír nouninanimatecountable07/08/2026

ˈruːiːr

GEN.SG rúí NOM.PL rúíre GEN₂.PL rújes ADJ rúíș

1.pair

2. romantic couple

	singular	plural
nominative	rúír ˈruːiːr	rúíre ˈruːiːrɛ
vocative	rúíse ˈruːiːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rúí ˈruːiː	rúíris ˈruːiːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rújes ˈruːjɛs
dative	rúea ˈruːæː	rúírín ˈruːiːriːn
accusative	rúíd ˈruːiːd	rúírid ˈruːiːrid
instrumental	rúeúr ˈruːɛ.uːr	rúíríe ˈruːiːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian róér, from Old Radestrian rōēr, from Proto-Radic *rōwēr, from Proto-Hirdic *rōḇéḡis, from Proto-Laenkean *r̥wb-ég-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *rwab- (2).

rúívíș adjectiveuncomparable30/08/2026

ˈruːiːviːʃ

ADV rúíve

1.paired

Antonym: úrúívíș

2.mathematics even

Antonym: fjørúívíș

3.genetics diploid

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
rúívíș ˈruːiːviːʃ	rúívíșe ˈruːiːviːʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
rúívíș[[a>ă]] ˈruːiːviːʃa	rúívíș[[a>ă]]’ ˈruːiːviːʃa	rúívíș[[a>ă]]g ˈruːiːviːʃaɡ	rúívíș[[a>ă]]i ˈruːiːviːʃai	rúívíșei, rúívíși (colloquial) ˈruːiːviːʃei ˈruːiːviːʃi	rúívíșu ˈruːiːviːʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	rúívjeșe ˈruːiːvjɛʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rúívjeșk ˈruːiːvjɛʃk	rúívíșesk ˈruːiːviːʃɛsk	rúívíșeris ˈruːiːviːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rúívíșes ˈruːiːviːʃɛs
dative	rúívíșa ˈruːiːviːʃa	rúívíșen ˈruːiːviːʃɛn	rúívíșerín ˈruːiːviːʃɛriːn
accusative	rúívjeșt ˈruːiːvjɛʃt	rúívíșest ˈruːiːviːʃɛst	rúívíșerid ˈruːiːviːʃɛrid
instrumental	rúívíșúr ˈruːiːviːʃuːr	rúívíșevúr ˈruːiːviːʃɛvuːr	rúívíșeríe ˈruːiːviːʃɛriːɛ

rúír (pair) + -evíș (-ed)

rúívíșans nouninanimateuncountable30/08/2026

ˈruːiːviːʃans

GEN.SG rúívíșeng ADJ rúívíșenjeș

genetics diploidy

	singular
nominative	rúívíșans ˈruːiːviːʃans
vocative	rúívíșanse ˈruːiːviːʃansɛ
genitive	rúívíșeng ˈruːiːviːʃɛŋɡ
dative	rúívíșanga ˈruːiːviːʃaŋɡa
accusative	rúívíșand ˈruːiːviːʃand
instrumental	rúívíșangúr ˈruːiːviːʃaŋɡuːr

rúívíș (diploid) + -ans

rúmeșa nouninanimatecountable07/08/2026

ˈruːmɛʃa

GEN.SG rúmeșesk NOM.PL rúmeșere ADJ rúmeșeș

audience

	singular	plural
nominative	rúmeșa ˈruːmɛʃa	rúmeșere ˈruːmɛʃɛrɛ
vocative	rúmeșese ˈruːmɛʃɛsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	rúmeșesk ˈruːmɛʃɛsk	rúmeșeris ˈruːmɛʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	rúmeșes ˈruːmɛʃɛs
dative	rúmeșen ˈruːmɛʃɛn	rúmeșerín ˈruːmɛʃɛriːn
accusative	rúmeșest ˈruːmɛʃɛst	rúmeșerid ˈruːmɛʃɛrid
instrumental	rúmeșevúr ˈruːmɛʃɛvuːr	rúmeșeríe ˈruːmɛʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian rómeșre, from Old Radestrian rōmešre, from Proto-Radic *rōmèšir, from Proto-Hirdic *rōmɛ́ḵjis, from Proto-Laenkean *r̥wm-ǽkje-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *rwæm- (to sound).

ruociș adjectivecomparable07/08/2026

ˈruotsiʃ

COMP ruokuobș ADV ruocí

rich

Antonym: lariș

degree	form
positive	ruociș ˈruotsiʃ
comparative	ruokuobș ˈruokuopʃ
superlative	ruokúvaș ˈruokuːvaʃ
excessive	ruokâbyș ˈruokɤbiʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
ruociș ˈruotsiʃ	ruocișe ˈruotsiʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
ruociș[[a>ă]] ˈruotsiʃa	ruociș[[a>ă]]’ ˈruotsiʃa	ruociș[[a>ă]]g ˈruotsiʃaɡ	ruociș[[a>ă]]i ˈruotsiʃai	ruocișei, ruociși (colloquial) ˈruotsiʃei ˈruotsiʃi	ruocișu ˈruotsiʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	ruocișe ˈruotsiʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ruocișk ˈruotsiʃk	ruocișesk ˈruotsiʃɛsk	ruocișeris ˈruotsiʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ruocișes ˈruotsiʃɛs
dative	ruocișa ˈruotsiʃa	ruocișen ˈruotsiʃɛn	ruocișerín ˈruotsiʃɛriːn
accusative	ruocișt ˈruotsiʃt	ruocișest ˈruotsiʃɛst	ruocișerid ˈruotsiʃɛrid
instrumental	ruocișúr ˈruotsiʃuːr	ruocișevúr ˈruotsiʃɛvuːr	ruocișeríe ˈruotsiʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian rótciș, from Old Radestrian rōccišjer, from Proto-Radic *rōhcer, *rōhcišjir, from Proto-Hirdic *rōḵkés, from Proto-Laenkean *r̥wk-ké-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *rwek- (to hold, to find).

ruodamt verbtransitive07/08/2026

ˈruodamt

NPST.1S ruodanui PST.1S ruodomei PRESPART ruodamivú PSPART ruodamúl

to repeat, to say again

nonfinite forms
infinitive	ruodamt ˈruodamt
connegative	ruodamta ˈruodamta
supine	ruodamtúr ˈruodamtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	ruodamiș ˈruodamiʃ
adverbial	ruodamivú ˈruodamivuː
past	adjectival	ruodamúș ˈruodamuːʃ
adverbial	ruodamúl ˈruodamuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		ruodanua ˈruodanu.a	ruodanvúș ˈruodanvuːʃ		ruodunvuoș ˈruodɤnvuoʃ		ruodanvovú ˈruodanvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	ruodanui ˈruodanɤi	ruodanva ˈruodanva	ruodamș ˈruodamʃ	ruodanu ˈruodanu	ruodunvuos ˈruodɤnvuos	ruodunvuote ˈruodɤnvuotɛ	ruodunvú ˈruodɤnvuː
past	ruodomei ˈruodɔmei	ruodomen ˈruodɔmɛn	ruodomeș ˈruodɔmɛʃ	ruodome ˈruodɔmɛ	ruodomuos ˈruodɔmuos	ruodomuote ˈruodɔmuotɛ	ruodomú ˈruodɔmuː
subjunctive	non-past	ruodanvai ˈruodanvai	ruodanvá ˈruodanvaː	ruodanvaș ˈruodanvaʃ	ruodanva ˈruodanva	ruodanvavuos ˈruodanvavuos	ruodanvavuote ˈruodanvavuotɛ	ruodanvavú ˈruodanvavuː
past	ruodomai ˈruodɔmai	ruodomain ˈruodɔmain	ruodomaiș ˈruodɔmaiʃ	ruodomai ˈruodɔmai	ruodomavuos ˈruodɔmavuos	ruodomavuote ˈruodɔmavuotɛ	ruodomavú ˈruodɔmavuː
optative	non-past	ruodanvúe ˈruodanvuːɛ	ruodanvova ˈruodanvɔva	ruodanvúș ˈruodanvuːʃ	ruodanvú ˈruodanvuː	ruodanvovuos ˈruodanvɔvuos	ruodanvovuote ˈruodanvɔvuotɛ	ruodanvovú ˈruodanvɔvuː
past	ruodomevei ˈruodɔmɛvei	ruodomeven ˈruodɔmɛvɛn	ruodomeveș ˈruodɔmɛvɛʃ	ruodomeve ˈruodɔmɛvɛ	ruodomevuos ˈruodɔmɛvuos	ruodomevuote ˈruodɔmɛvuotɛ	ruodomevú ˈruodɔmɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	ruodanuriè, ruodambriè (literary) ˈruodanuri.ɛ ˈruodambri.ɛ	ruodanurin, ruodambrin (literary) ˈruodanurin ˈruodambrin	ruodanuriș, ruodambriș (literary) ˈruodanuriʃ ˈruodambriʃ	ruodanuri, ruodambri (literary) ˈruodanuri ˈruodambri	ruodunvúris ˈruodɤnvuːris	ruodunvúrite ˈruodɤnvuːritɛ	ruodunvúri ˈruodɤnvuːri
past	ruodomeriè ˈruodɔmɛri.ɛ	ruodomerin ˈruodɔmɛrin	ruodomeriș ˈruodɔmɛriʃ	ruodomeri ˈruodɔmɛri	ruodomúris ˈruodɔmuːris	ruodomúrite ˈruodɔmuːritɛ	ruodomúri ˈruodɔmuːri
subjunctive	non-past	ruodanvariè ˈruodanvari.ɛ	ruodanvarin ˈruodanvarin	ruodanvariș ˈruodanvariʃ	ruodanvari ˈruodanvari	ruodanvavúris ˈruodanvavuːris	ruodanvavúrite ˈruodanvavuːritɛ	ruodanvavúri ˈruodanvavuːri
past	ruodomairiè ˈruodɔmairi.ɛ	ruodomairin ˈruodɔmairin	ruodomairiș ˈruodɔmairiʃ	ruodomairi ˈruodɔmairi	ruodomavúris ˈruodɔmavuːris	ruodomavúrite ˈruodɔmavuːritɛ	ruodomavúri ˈruodɔmavuːri
optative	non-past	ruodanvúriè ˈruodanvuːri.ɛ	ruodanvúrin ˈruodanvuːrin	ruodanvúriș ˈruodanvuːriʃ	ruodanvúri ˈruodanvuːri	ruodanvovúris ˈruodanvɔvuːris	ruodanvovúrite ˈruodanvɔvuːritɛ	ruodanvovúri ˈruodanvɔvuːri
past	ruodomeveriè ˈruodɔmɛvɛri.ɛ	ruodomeverin ˈruodɔmɛvɛrin	ruodomeveriș ˈruodɔmɛvɛriʃ	ruodomeveri ˈruodɔmɛvɛri	ruodomevúris ˈruodɔmɛvuːris	ruodomevúrite ˈruodɔmɛvuːritɛ	ruodomevúri ˈruodɔmɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	ruodambruot ˈruodambruot
connegative	ruodambruota ˈruodambruota
supine	ruodambruotúr ˈruodambruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	ruodambruviș ˈruodambruviʃ
adverbial	ruodambruvivú ˈruodambruvivuː
past	adjectival	ruodamuokș ˈruodamuokʃ
adverbial	ruodamúk ˈruodamuːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		ruodanurúa, ruodambrúa (literary) ˈruodanuruːa ˈruodambruːa	ruodanuruvúș, ruodambruvúș (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːʃ ˈruodambruvuːʃ		ruodanuruvuoș, ruodambruvuoș (literary) ˈruodanuruvuoʃ ˈruodambruvuoʃ		ruodanuruvovú, ruodambruvovú (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuː ˈruodambruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	ruodanurúe, ruodambrúe (literary) ˈruodanuruːɛ ˈruodambruːɛ	ruodanuruva, ruodambruva (literary) ˈruodanuruva ˈruodambruva	ruodanurúș, ruodambrúș (literary) ˈruodanuruːʃ ˈruodambruːʃ	ruodanurú, ruodambrú (literary) ˈruodanuruː ˈruodambruː	ruodanuruvuos, ruodambruvuos (literary) ˈruodanuruvuos ˈruodambruvuos	ruodanuruvuote, ruodambruvuote (literary) ˈruodanuruvuotɛ ˈruodambruvuotɛ	ruodanuruvú, ruodambruvú (literary) ˈruodanuruvuː ˈruodambruvuː
past	ruodumbruvei ˈruodɤmbruvei	ruodumbruven ˈruodɤmbruvɛn	ruodumbruveș ˈruodɤmbruvɛʃ	ruodumbruve ˈruodɤmbruvɛ	ruodumbruvuos ˈruodɤmbruvuos	ruodumbruvuote ˈruodɤmbruvuotɛ	ruodumbruvú ˈruodɤmbruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	ruodanuruvai, ruodambruvai (literary) ˈruodanuruvai ˈruodambruvai	ruodanuruvá, ruodambruvá (literary) ˈruodanuruvaː ˈruodambruvaː	ruodanuruvaș, ruodambruvaș (literary) ˈruodanuruvaʃ ˈruodambruvaʃ	ruodanuruva, ruodambruva (literary) ˈruodanuruva ˈruodambruva	ruodanuruvavuos, ruodambruvavuos (literary) ˈruodanuruvavuos ˈruodambruvavuos	ruodanuruvavuote, ruodambruvavuote (literary) ˈruodanuruvavuotɛ ˈruodambruvavuotɛ	ruodanuruvavú, ruodambruvavú (literary) ˈruodanuruvavuː ˈruodambruvavuː
past	ruodumbruvai ˈruodɤmbruvai	ruodumbruvain ˈruodɤmbruvain	ruodumbruvaiș ˈruodɤmbruvaiʃ	ruodumbruvai ˈruodɤmbruvai	ruodumbruvavuos ˈruodɤmbruvavuos	ruodumbruvavuote ˈruodɤmbruvavuotɛ	ruodumbruvavú ˈruodɤmbruvavuː
optative	non-past	ruodanuruvúe, ruodambruvúe (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːɛ ˈruodambruvuːɛ	ruodanuruvova, ruodambruvova (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔva ˈruodambruvɔva	ruodanuruvúș, ruodambruvúș (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːʃ ˈruodambruvuːʃ	ruodanuruvú, ruodambruvú (literary) ˈruodanuruvuː ˈruodambruvuː	ruodanuruvovuos, ruodambruvovuos (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuos ˈruodambruvɔvuos	ruodanuruvovuote, ruodambruvovuote (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuotɛ ˈruodambruvɔvuotɛ	ruodanuruvovú, ruodambruvovú (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuː ˈruodambruvɔvuː
past	ruodumbruvevei ˈruodɤmbruvɛvei	ruodumbruveven ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛn	ruodumbruveveș ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛʃ	ruodumbruveve ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛ	ruodumbruvevuos ˈruodɤmbruvɛvuos	ruodumbruvevuote ˈruodɤmbruvɛvuotɛ	ruodumbruvevú ˈruodɤmbruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	ruodanurúriè, ruodambrúriè (literary) ˈruodanuruːri.ɛ ˈruodambruːri.ɛ	ruodanurúrin, ruodambrúrin (literary) ˈruodanuruːrin ˈruodambruːrin	ruodanurúriș, ruodambrúriș (literary) ˈruodanuruːriʃ ˈruodambruːriʃ	ruodanurúri, ruodambrúri (literary) ˈruodanuruːri ˈruodambruːri	ruodanuruvúris, ruodambruvúris (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːris ˈruodambruvuːris	ruodanuruvúrite, ruodambruvúrite (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːritɛ ˈruodambruvuːritɛ	ruodanuruvúri, ruodambruvúri (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːri ˈruodambruvuːri
past	ruodumbruveriè ˈruodɤmbruvɛri.ɛ	ruodumbruverin ˈruodɤmbruvɛrin	ruodumbruveriș ˈruodɤmbruvɛriʃ	ruodumbruveri ˈruodɤmbruvɛri	ruodumbruvúris ˈruodɤmbruvuːris	ruodumbruvúrite ˈruodɤmbruvuːritɛ	ruodumbruvúri ˈruodɤmbruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	ruodanuruvariè, ruodambruvariè (literary) ˈruodanuruvari.ɛ ˈruodambruvari.ɛ	ruodanuruvarin, ruodambruvarin (literary) ˈruodanuruvarin ˈruodambruvarin	ruodanuruvariș, ruodambruvariș (literary) ˈruodanuruvariʃ ˈruodambruvariʃ	ruodanuruvari, ruodambruvari (literary) ˈruodanuruvari ˈruodambruvari	ruodanuruvavúris, ruodambruvavúris (literary) ˈruodanuruvavuːris ˈruodambruvavuːris	ruodanuruvavúrite, ruodambruvavúrite (literary) ˈruodanuruvavuːritɛ ˈruodambruvavuːritɛ	ruodanuruvavúri, ruodambruvavúri (literary) ˈruodanuruvavuːri ˈruodambruvavuːri
past	ruodumbruvairiè ˈruodɤmbruvairi.ɛ	ruodumbruvairin ˈruodɤmbruvairin	ruodumbruvairiș ˈruodɤmbruvairiʃ	ruodumbruvairi ˈruodɤmbruvairi	ruodumbruvavúris ˈruodɤmbruvavuːris	ruodumbruvavúrite ˈruodɤmbruvavuːritɛ	ruodumbruvavúri ˈruodɤmbruvavuːri
optative	non-past	ruodanuruvúriè, ruodambruvúriè (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːri.ɛ ˈruodambruvuːri.ɛ	ruodanuruvúrin, ruodambruvúrin (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːrin ˈruodambruvuːrin	ruodanuruvúriș, ruodambruvúriș (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːriʃ ˈruodambruvuːriʃ	ruodanuruvúri, ruodambruvúri (literary) ˈruodanuruvuːri ˈruodambruvuːri	ruodanuruvovúris, ruodambruvovúris (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuːris ˈruodambruvɔvuːris	ruodanuruvovúrite, ruodambruvovúrite (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuːritɛ ˈruodambruvɔvuːritɛ	ruodanuruvovúri, ruodambruvovúri (literary) ˈruodanuruvɔvuːri ˈruodambruvɔvuːri
past	ruodumbruveveriè ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛri.ɛ	ruodumbruveverin ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛrin	ruodumbruveveriș ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛriʃ	ruodumbruveveri ˈruodɤmbruvɛvɛri	ruodumbruvevúris ˈruodɤmbruvɛvuːris	ruodumbruvevúrite ˈruodɤmbruvɛvuːritɛ	ruodumbruvevúri ˈruodɤmbruvɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian rúdvamt, from rú- (re-) + dvamt (to say), equivalent to rú- + dvamt.

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