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o¹ conjunction31/07/2026

Homophones: o²

1. denotes a contrast; and, but (with leading comma)

Virșu sjuoþs lírúr svoroaș, o u nraos ljájúr. My brother is three years old, and my sister is seven.

2. conjoins verbal phrases; and then (no leading comma)

Synonym: ar

U lír orezeș o luoríneș. The clown sang and then danced.

The conjunction o is used to link full clauses. When joining constituent phrases, ar is used.
When linking verbs, ar implies a simultaneous action, whereas o implies a sequence.

From Middle Radestrian o, from Old Radestrian o, from Proto-Radic *o (some expressive particle).

o² particle31/07/2026

Homophones: o¹

also, as well, even

Synonym: o kaor

Luoríneș o vâs. He danced, too. / Even he danced.

O rá mojeș aruovd. Good morning to you, too.

Used before the additional phrase, but cannot precede verbs in this sense: o kaor is used for this purpose.

See o¹.

obúr adverbuncomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔbuːr

interrogative why

Synonym: át², otú

Obúr elicits a more general reason, whereas át² tends to imply cause or purpose.

From Middle Radestrian obôr, from Old Radestrian avbôr, from Proto-Radic *abbôr, from Proto-Hirdic *aḇbɔ̄́s, from Proto-Laenkean *⁂m̥bbáws, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵐbæj(n)- (interrogative).

ocía nouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ɔˈtsiːa

GEN.SG ociesk NOM.PL ociere ADJ ocieș

1.damage, harm

2.injury

Synonym: lorus

3.shame, pity

	singular	plural
nominative	ocía ɔˈtsiːa	ociere ɔˈtsierɛ
vocative	ociese ɔˈtsiesɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ociesk ɔˈtsiesk	ocieris ɔˈtsieris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ocies ˈɔtsies
dative	ocien ˈɔtsien	ocierín ɔˈtsieriːn
accusative	ociest ɔˈtsiest	ocierid ɔˈtsierid
instrumental	ocievúr ɔˈtsievuːr	ocieríe ɔˈtsieriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian aucíra, from Old Radestrian avcijra, from Proto-Radic *abciǧor, from Proto-Hirdic *aḇkighós, from Proto-Laenkean *m̥bk-igʱó-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵐbik- (to damage, to harm).

ociert verbtransitive04/10/2026

ˈɔtsiert

NPST.1S ocierge PST.1S ocierei PRESPART ocierivú PSPART ocierúl

1. to damage

2. to injure

Synonym: loroat

3. to violate, to infringe upon, to encroach upon (a law or right)

nonfinite forms
infinitive	ociert ˈɔtsiert
connegative	ocierta ɔˈtsierta
supine	ociertúr ɔˈtsiertuːr
participle	present	adjectival	ocieriș ɔˈtsieriʃ
adverbial	ocierivú ɔˈtsierivuː
past	adjectival	ocierúș ɔˈtsieruːʃ
adverbial	ocierúl ɔˈtsieruːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		ocierga ɔˈtsierɡa	ociergúș ɔˈtsierɡuːʃ		ocierguoș ɔˈtsierɡuoʃ		ociergovú ɔˈtsierɡɔvuː
indicative	non-past	ocierge ɔˈtsierɡɛ	ocierș ˈɔtsierʃ	ocierg ˈɔtsierɡ	ocierguos ɔˈtsierɡuos	ocierguote ɔˈtsierɡuotɛ	ociergú ɔˈtsierɡuː
past	ocierei ɔˈtsierei	ocieren ɔˈtsierɛn	ociereș ɔˈtsierɛʃ	ociere ɔˈtsierɛ	ocieruos ɔˈtsieruos	ocieruote ɔˈtsieruotɛ	ocierú ɔˈtsieruː
subjunctive	non-past	ociergai ɔˈtsierɡai	ociergá ɔˈtsierɡaː	ociergaș ɔˈtsierɡaʃ	ocierga ɔˈtsierɡa	ociergavuos ɔˈtsierɡavuos	ociergavuote ɔˈtsierɡavuotɛ	ociergavú ɔˈtsierɡavuː
past	ocierai ɔˈtsierai	ocierain ɔˈtsierain	ocieraiș ɔˈtsieraiʃ	ocierai ɔˈtsierai	ocieravuos ɔˈtsieravuos	ocieravuote ɔˈtsieravuotɛ	ocieravú ɔˈtsieravuː
optative	non-past	ociergúe ɔˈtsierɡuːɛ	ociergova ɔˈtsierɡɔva	ociergúș ɔˈtsierɡuːʃ	ociergú ɔˈtsierɡuː	ociergovuos ɔˈtsierɡɔvuos	ociergovuote ɔˈtsierɡɔvuotɛ	ociergovú ɔˈtsierɡɔvuː
past	ocierevei ɔˈtsierɛvei	ociereven ɔˈtsierɛvɛn	ociereveș ɔˈtsierɛvɛʃ	ociereve ɔˈtsierɛvɛ	ocierevuos ɔˈtsierɛvuos	ocierevuote ɔˈtsierɛvuotɛ	ocierevú ɔˈtsierɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	ociergriè, ocieriè (literary) ɔˈtsierɡri.ɛ ɔˈtsieri.ɛ	ociergrin, ocierin (literary) ɔˈtsierɡrin ɔˈtsierin	ociergriș, ocieriș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡriʃ ɔˈtsieriʃ	ociergri, ocieri (literary) ɔˈtsierɡri ɔˈtsieri	ociergúris ɔˈtsierɡuːris	ociergúrite ɔˈtsierɡuːritɛ	ociergúri ɔˈtsierɡuːri
past	ociereriè ɔˈtsierɛri.ɛ	ociererin ɔˈtsierɛrin	ociereriș ɔˈtsierɛriʃ	ociereri ɔˈtsierɛri	ocierúris ɔˈtsieruːris	ocierúrite ɔˈtsieruːritɛ	ocierúri ɔˈtsieruːri
subjunctive	non-past	ociergariè ɔˈtsierɡari.ɛ	ociergarin ɔˈtsierɡarin	ociergariș ɔˈtsierɡariʃ	ociergari ɔˈtsierɡari	ociergavúris ɔˈtsierɡavuːris	ociergavúrite ɔˈtsierɡavuːritɛ	ociergavúri ɔˈtsierɡavuːri
past	ocierairiè ɔˈtsierairi.ɛ	ocierairin ɔˈtsierairin	ocierairiș ɔˈtsierairiʃ	ocierairi ɔˈtsierairi	ocieravúris ɔˈtsieravuːris	ocieravúrite ɔˈtsieravuːritɛ	ocieravúri ɔˈtsieravuːri
optative	non-past	ociergúriè ɔˈtsierɡuːri.ɛ	ociergúrin ɔˈtsierɡuːrin	ociergúriș ɔˈtsierɡuːriʃ	ociergúri ɔˈtsierɡuːri	ociergovúris ɔˈtsierɡɔvuːris	ociergovúrite ɔˈtsierɡɔvuːritɛ	ociergovúri ɔˈtsierɡɔvuːri
past	ociereveriè ɔˈtsierɛvɛri.ɛ	ociereverin ɔˈtsierɛvɛrin	ociereveriș ɔˈtsierɛvɛriʃ	ociereveri ɔˈtsierɛvɛri	ocierevúris ɔˈtsierɛvuːris	ocierevúrite ɔˈtsierɛvuːritɛ	ocierevúri ɔˈtsierɛvuːri

nonfinite forms
infinitive	ocieruot ɔˈtsieruot
connegative	ocieruota ɔˈtsieruota
supine	ocieruotúr ɔˈtsieruotuːr
participle	present	adjectival	ocieruviș ɔˈtsieruviʃ
adverbial	ocieruvivú ɔˈtsieruvivuː
past	adjectival	ocieruokș ɔˈtsieruokʃ
adverbial	ocierúk ɔˈtsieruːk
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		ociergrúa, ocierúa (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːa ɔˈtsieruːa	ociergruvúș, ocieruvúș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːʃ ɔˈtsieruvuːʃ		ociergruvuoș, ocieruvuoș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuoʃ ɔˈtsieruvuoʃ		ociergruvovú, ocieruvovú (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuː ɔˈtsieruvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	ociergrúe, ocierúe (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːɛ ɔˈtsieruːɛ	ociergruva, ocieruva (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruva ɔˈtsieruva	ociergrúș, ocierúș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːʃ ɔˈtsieruːʃ	ociergrú, ocierú (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruː ɔˈtsieruː	ociergruvuos, ocieruvuos (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuos ɔˈtsieruvuos	ociergruvuote, ocieruvuote (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuotɛ ɔˈtsieruvuotɛ	ociergruvú, ocieruvú (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuː ɔˈtsieruvuː
past	ocieruvei ɔˈtsieruvei	ocieruven ɔˈtsieruvɛn	ocieruveș ɔˈtsieruvɛʃ	ocieruve ɔˈtsieruvɛ	ocieruvuos ɔˈtsieruvuos	ocieruvuote ɔˈtsieruvuotɛ	ocieruvú ɔˈtsieruvuː
subjunctive	non-past	ociergruvai, ocieruvai (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvai ɔˈtsieruvai	ociergruvá, ocieruvá (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvaː ɔˈtsieruvaː	ociergruvaș, ocieruvaș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvaʃ ɔˈtsieruvaʃ	ociergruva, ocieruva (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruva ɔˈtsieruva	ociergruvavuos, ocieruvavuos (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvavuos ɔˈtsieruvavuos	ociergruvavuote, ocieruvavuote (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvavuotɛ ɔˈtsieruvavuotɛ	ociergruvavú, ocieruvavú (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvavuː ɔˈtsieruvavuː
past	ocieruvai ɔˈtsieruvai	ocieruvain ɔˈtsieruvain	ocieruvaiș ɔˈtsieruvaiʃ	ocieruvai ɔˈtsieruvai	ocieruvavuos ɔˈtsieruvavuos	ocieruvavuote ɔˈtsieruvavuotɛ	ocieruvavú ɔˈtsieruvavuː
optative	non-past	ociergruvúe, ocieruvúe (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːɛ ɔˈtsieruvuːɛ	ociergruvova, ocieruvova (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔva ɔˈtsieruvɔva	ociergruvúș, ocieruvúș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːʃ ɔˈtsieruvuːʃ	ociergruvú, ocieruvú (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuː ɔˈtsieruvuː	ociergruvovuos, ocieruvovuos (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuos ɔˈtsieruvɔvuos	ociergruvovuote, ocieruvovuote (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuotɛ ɔˈtsieruvɔvuotɛ	ociergruvovú, ocieruvovú (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuː ɔˈtsieruvɔvuː
past	ocieruvevei ɔˈtsieruvɛvei	ocieruveven ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛn	ocieruveveș ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛʃ	ocieruveve ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛ	ocieruvevuos ɔˈtsieruvɛvuos	ocieruvevuote ɔˈtsieruvɛvuotɛ	ocieruvevú ɔˈtsieruvɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	ociergrúriè, ocierúriè (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːri.ɛ ɔˈtsieruːri.ɛ	ociergrúrin, ocierúrin (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːrin ɔˈtsieruːrin	ociergrúriș, ocierúriș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːriʃ ɔˈtsieruːriʃ	ociergrúri, ocierúri (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruːri ɔˈtsieruːri	ociergruvúris, ocieruvúris (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːris ɔˈtsieruvuːris	ociergruvúrite, ocieruvúrite (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːritɛ ɔˈtsieruvuːritɛ	ociergruvúri, ocieruvúri (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːri ɔˈtsieruvuːri
past	ocieruveriè ɔˈtsieruvɛri.ɛ	ocieruverin ɔˈtsieruvɛrin	ocieruveriș ɔˈtsieruvɛriʃ	ocieruveri ɔˈtsieruvɛri	ocieruvúris ɔˈtsieruvuːris	ocieruvúrite ɔˈtsieruvuːritɛ	ocieruvúri ɔˈtsieruvuːri
subjunctive	non-past	ociergruvariè, ocieruvariè (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvari.ɛ ɔˈtsieruvari.ɛ	ociergruvarin, ocieruvarin (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvarin ɔˈtsieruvarin	ociergruvariș, ocieruvariș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvariʃ ɔˈtsieruvariʃ	ociergruvari, ocieruvari (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvari ɔˈtsieruvari	ociergruvavúris, ocieruvavúris (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvavuːris ɔˈtsieruvavuːris	ociergruvavúrite, ocieruvavúrite (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvavuːritɛ ɔˈtsieruvavuːritɛ	ociergruvavúri, ocieruvavúri (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvavuːri ɔˈtsieruvavuːri
past	ocieruvairiè ɔˈtsieruvairi.ɛ	ocieruvairin ɔˈtsieruvairin	ocieruvairiș ɔˈtsieruvairiʃ	ocieruvairi ɔˈtsieruvairi	ocieruvavúris ɔˈtsieruvavuːris	ocieruvavúrite ɔˈtsieruvavuːritɛ	ocieruvavúri ɔˈtsieruvavuːri
optative	non-past	ociergruvúriè, ocieruvúriè (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːri.ɛ ɔˈtsieruvuːri.ɛ	ociergruvúrin, ocieruvúrin (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːrin ɔˈtsieruvuːrin	ociergruvúriș, ocieruvúriș (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːriʃ ɔˈtsieruvuːriʃ	ociergruvúri, ocieruvúri (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvuːri ɔˈtsieruvuːri	ociergruvovúris, ocieruvovúris (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuːris ɔˈtsieruvɔvuːris	ociergruvovúrite, ocieruvovúrite (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuːritɛ ɔˈtsieruvɔvuːritɛ	ociergruvovúri, ocieruvovúri (literary) ɔˈtsierɡruvɔvuːri ɔˈtsieruvɔvuːri
past	ocieruveveriè ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛri.ɛ	ocieruveverin ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛrin	ocieruveveriș ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛriʃ	ocieruveveri ɔˈtsieruvɛvɛri	ocieruvevúris ɔˈtsieruvɛvuːris	ocieruvevúrite ɔˈtsieruvɛvuːritɛ	ocieruvevúri ɔˈtsieruvɛvuːri

ocía (damage) + -rt

odras nouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈɔdras

GEN.SG odrag NOM.PL odrage ADJ odrajeș

time evening

	singular	plural
nominative	odras ˈɔdras	odrage ˈɔdraɡɛ
vocative	odrase ˈɔdrasɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	odrag ˈɔdraɡ	odrajeris ɔdˈrajɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	odrajes ˈɔdrajɛs
dative	odraga ˈɔdraɡa	odrajerín ɔdˈrajɛriːn
accusative	odrad ˈɔdrad	odrajerid ɔdˈrajɛrid
instrumental	odragúr ˈɔdraɡuːr	odrajeríe ɔdˈrajɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian audrass, from Old Radestrian awdrass, from Proto-Radic *aǧdorhs (evening), with sporadic shortening, from Proto-Hirdic *ghədɔ̄́rkhəs, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱa-ⁿdawrkʰ-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ⁿdawrkʰ- (dark/night).

oe- prefix07/07/2026

ˈɔ.ɛ- ɔˈɛ-

five-, quinque-, penta-

Coordinate forms: úr (cardinal), vjei· (ordinal prefix)

From Middle Radestrian vue-, from Old Radestrian lŭe-, from Proto-Radic *lıe-, from Proto-Hirdic *ləḡe(ḡ)-, from Proto-Laenkean *l̥g-ég-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *log- (five).

ase-, ate-, lire-, ae-, nare-, lie-, drege-, fore-, sjele-

oenirír nouninanimatecountable03/07/2026

ɔˈɛniriːr

GEN.SG oenirí NOM.PL oeniríre

quadrillion, one quadrillion (1000000000000000 or 1000⁵)

Coordinate forms: oenire- (prefix), oeniríș (ordinal)

	singular	plural
nominative	oenirír ɔˈɛniriːr	oeniríre ɔˈɛniriːrɛ
vocative	oeniríse ɔˈɛniriːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	oenirí ɔˈɛniriː	oeniríris ɔˈɛniriːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	oenirjes ɔˈɛnirjɛs
dative	oenirea ɔˈɛniræː	oenirírín ɔˈɛniriːriːn
accusative	oeniríd ɔˈɛniriːd	oenirírid ɔˈɛniriːrid
instrumental	oenireúr ɔˈɛnirɛ.uːr	oeniríríe ɔˈɛniriːriːɛ

From oe- (quinti-) + lenirír (thousand), modelled after atenirír (million).

o kaor adverbuncomparable31/07/2026

ɔ ˈkɔːr

also, too, as well

Luoríneș o kaor. She also danced (amongst other things).

Only used to modify verbs. Otherwise, o² is used.

o² + kaor

olovíș adjectivecomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔlɔviːʃ

COMP hevúb olovíș ADV olove

thirsty

degree	form
positive	olovíș ˈɔlɔviːʃ
comparative	hevúb olovíș ˈhɛvuːb ˈɔlɔviːʃ
superlative	hevúva olovíș hɛˈvuːva ˈɔlɔviːʃ
excessive	hevâbe olovíș ˈhɛvɤbɛ ˈɔlɔviːʃ

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
olovíș ˈɔlɔviːʃ	olovíșe ˈɔlɔviːʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
olovíș[[a>ă]] ˈɔlɔviːʃa	olovíș[[a>ă]]’ ˈɔlɔviːʃa	olovíș[[a>ă]]g ˈɔlɔviːʃaɡ	olovíș[[a>ă]]i ˈɔlɔviːʃai	olovíșei, olovíși (colloquial) ˈɔlɔviːʃei ˈɔlɔviːʃi	olovíșu ˈɔlɔviːʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	olovjeșe ɔˈlɔvjɛʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	olovjeșk ˈɔlɔvjɛʃk	olovíșesk ˈɔlɔviːʃɛsk	olovíșeris ˈɔlɔviːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	olovíșes ˈɔlɔviːʃɛs
dative	olovíșa ˈɔlɔviːʃa	olovíșen ˈɔlɔviːʃɛn	olovíșerín ˈɔlɔviːʃɛriːn
accusative	olovjeșt ˈɔlɔvjɛʃt	olovíșest ˈɔlɔviːʃɛst	olovíșerid ˈɔlɔviːʃɛrid
instrumental	olovíșúr ˈɔlɔviːʃuːr	olovíșevúr ˈɔlɔviːʃɛvuːr	olovíșeríe ˈɔlɔviːʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian aulauvíș, from Old Radestrian awðawovīšjer, equivalent to aulas + -ovíș.

oraiș adjectiveuncomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔraiʃ

ADV oraí

even, level, equal (to = + dative)

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
oraiș ˈɔraiʃ	oraișe ɔˈraiʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
oraiș[[a>ă]] ɔˈraiʃa	oraiș[[a>ă]]’ ɔˈraiʃa	oraiș[[a>ă]]g ɔˈraiʃaɡ	oraiș[[a>ă]]i ɔˈraiʃai	oraișei, oraiși (colloquial) ɔˈraiʃei ɔˈraiʃi	oraișu ɔˈraiʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	oraișe ɔˈraiʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	oraișk ɔˈraiʃk	oraișesk ɔˈraiʃɛsk	oraișeris ɔˈraiʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	oraișes ɔˈraiʃɛs
dative	oraișa ɔˈraiʃa	oraișen ɔˈraiʃɛn	oraișerín ɔˈraiʃɛriːn
accusative	oraișt ɔˈraiʃt	oraișest ɔˈraiʃɛst	oraișerid ɔˈraiʃɛrid
instrumental	oraișúr ɔˈraiʃuːr	oraișevúr ɔˈraiʃɛvuːr	oraișeríe ɔˈraiʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian auraiș, from Old Radestrian awraišjer, from Proto-Radic *aǧrahs, *aǧrajišjir, from Proto-Hirdic *aḡhrə́həs, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋ̊gh-ŕ̥h-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *ᵑgih- (reflexive).

orast verbintransitive31/07/2026

ˈɔrast

NPST.1S orase PST.1S orezei PRESPART orazivú PSPART orazúl

to sing

nonfinite forms
infinitive	orast ˈɔrast
connegative	orasta ɔˈrasta
supine	orastúr ɔˈrastuːr
participle	present	adjectival	oraziș ˈɔraziʃ
adverbial	orazivú ɔˈrazivuː
past	adjectival	orazúș ˈɔrazuːʃ
adverbial	orazúl ˈɔrazuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		orasa ˈɔrasa	orasúș ˈɔrasuːʃ		oresuoș ˈɔrɛsuoʃ		orasovú ɔˈrasɔvuː
indicative	non-past	orase ˈɔrasɛ	oraș ˈɔraʃ	oras ˈɔras	oresuos ˈɔrɛsuos	oresuote ˈɔrɛsuotɛ	oresú ˈɔrɛsuː
past	orezei ˈɔrɛzei	orezen ˈɔrɛzɛn	orezeș ˈɔrɛzɛʃ	oreze ˈɔrɛzɛ	orezuos ˈɔrɛzuos	orezuote ˈɔrɛzuotɛ	orezú ˈɔrɛzuː
subjunctive	non-past	orasai ˈɔrasai	orasá ˈɔrasaː	orasaș ˈɔrasaʃ	orasa ˈɔrasa	orasavuos ɔˈrasavuos	orasavuote ɔˈrasavuotɛ	orasavú ɔˈrasavuː
past	orezai ˈɔrɛzai	orezain ˈɔrɛzain	orezaiș ˈɔrɛzaiʃ	orezai ˈɔrɛzai	orezavuos ɔˈrɛzavuos	orezavuote ɔˈrɛzavuotɛ	orezavú ɔˈrɛzavuː
optative	non-past	orasúe ˈɔrasuːɛ	orasova ɔˈrasɔva	orasúș ˈɔrasuːʃ	orasú ˈɔrasuː	orasovuos ɔˈrasɔvuos	orasovuote ɔˈrasɔvuotɛ	orasovú ɔˈrasɔvuː
past	orezevei ɔˈrɛzɛvei	orezeven ɔˈrɛzɛvɛn	orezeveș ɔˈrɛzɛvɛʃ	orezeve ɔˈrɛzɛvɛ	orezevuos ɔˈrɛzɛvuos	orezevuote ɔˈrɛzɛvuotɛ	orezevú ɔˈrɛzɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	orastriè ɔˈrastri.ɛ	orastrin ɔˈrastrin	orastriș ɔˈrastriʃ	orastri ɔˈrastri	oresúris ˈɔrɛsuːris	oresúrite ˈɔrɛsuːritɛ	oresúri ˈɔrɛsuːri
past	orezeriè ɔˈrɛzɛri.ɛ	orezerin ɔˈrɛzɛrin	orezeriș ɔˈrɛzɛriʃ	orezeri ɔˈrɛzɛri	orezúris ˈɔrɛzuːris	orezúrite ˈɔrɛzuːritɛ	orezúri ˈɔrɛzuːri
subjunctive	non-past	orasariè ɔˈrasari.ɛ	orasarin ɔˈrasarin	orasariș ɔˈrasariʃ	orasari ɔˈrasari	orasavúris ɔˈrasavuːris	orasavúrite ɔˈrasavuːritɛ	orasavúri ɔˈrasavuːri
past	orezairiè ˈɔrɛzairi.ɛ	orezairin ˈɔrɛzairin	orezairiș ˈɔrɛzairiʃ	orezairi ˈɔrɛzairi	orezavúris ɔˈrɛzavuːris	orezavúrite ɔˈrɛzavuːritɛ	orezavúri ɔˈrɛzavuːri
optative	non-past	orasúriè ˈɔrasuːri.ɛ	orasúrin ˈɔrasuːrin	orasúriș ˈɔrasuːriʃ	orasúri ˈɔrasuːri	orasovúris ɔˈrasɔvuːris	orasovúrite ɔˈrasɔvuːritɛ	orasovúri ɔˈrasɔvuːri
past	orezeveriè ɔˈrɛzɛvɛri.ɛ	orezeverin ɔˈrɛzɛvɛrin	orezeveriș ɔˈrɛzɛvɛriʃ	orezeveri ɔˈrɛzɛvɛri	orezevúris ɔˈrɛzɛvuːris	orezevúrite ɔˈrɛzɛvuːritɛ	orezevúri ɔˈrɛzɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian aurast, from Old Radestrian awræztt, from Proto-Radic *agræhzht, from Proto-Hirdic *aḡrǽp̄z-, from Proto-Laenkean *ŋ̊g<rǽp>z-, from the Proto-Laenkean root *PL. *ᵑgæz- (to invoke).

oraș adjectiveuncomparable31/07/2026

ˈɔraʃ

whole, all, entire

singular	plural
inanimate	animate
oraș ˈɔraʃ	orașe ˈɔraʃɛ
postposed definite article enclisis
a	a’	ag	ai	i	u
oraș[[a>ă]] ˈɔraʃa	oraș[[a>ă]]’ ˈɔraʃa	oraș[[a>ă]]g ˈɔraʃaɡ	oraș[[a>ă]]i ˈɔraʃai	orașei, orași (colloquial) ˈɔraʃei ˈɔraʃi	orașu ˈɔraʃu

	singular	plural
inanimate	animate
nominative	orașe ˈɔraʃɛ
vocative
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	orașk ˈɔraʃk	orașesk ˈɔraʃɛsk	orașeris ɔˈraʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	orașes ˈɔraʃɛs
dative	orașa ˈɔraʃa	orașen ˈɔraʃɛn	orașerín ɔˈraʃɛriːn
accusative	orașt ˈɔraʃt	orașest ˈɔraʃɛst	orașerid ɔˈraʃɛrid
instrumental	orașúr ˈɔraʃuːr	orașevúr ɔˈraʃɛvuːr	orașeríe ɔˈraʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian auraș, from Old Radestrian awrašjer, from Proto-Radic *aworšjir, from *ahss (whole) + *-šjir. See ás¹.

oráș nouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈɔraːʃ

GEN.SG oráșk NOM.PL oráșe ADJ oráșeș

equinox

	singular	plural
nominative	oráș ˈɔraːʃ	oráșe ɔˈraːʃɛ
vocative	oráșe ɔˈraːʃɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	oráșk ɔˈraːʃk	oráșeris ɔˈraːʃɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	oráșes ɔˈraːʃɛs
dative	oráșa ɔˈraːʃa	oráșerín ɔˈraːʃɛriːn
accusative	oráșt ɔˈraːʃt	oráșerid ɔˈraːʃɛrid
instrumental	oráșúr ɔˈraːʃuːr	oráșeríe ɔˈraːʃɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian aurahhașș, from Old Radestrian awrahhašro, from Proto-Radic *aǧrahhašur, from *aǧrahs (equal) + *hāšur (night), equivalent to oraiș + háșe.

orát verbintransitive31/07/2026

ˈɔraːt

NPST.1S oráe PST.1S oráei PRESPART oráevú, oramivú PSPART oráúl, oramúl

to equal, to be equal, to be equivalent (to = + dative)

nonfinite forms
infinitive	orát ˈɔraːt
connegative	oráta ɔˈraːta
supine	orátúr ɔˈraːtuːr
participle	present	adjectival	oráeș, oramiș (archaic) ɔˈraːɛʃ ˈɔramiʃ
adverbial	oráevú, oramivú (archaic) ɔˈraːɛvuː ɔˈramivuː
past	adjectival	oráúș, oramúș (archaic) ɔˈraːuːʃ ˈɔramuːʃ
adverbial	oráúl, oramúl (archaic) ɔˈraːuːl ˈɔramuːl
finite forms	singular	plural
first	second	third	disjunctive	first	second	third	disjunctive
informal	formal	inclusive	exclusive
ú	re	lește	vâs, vara	gjei, gjen, gjeș …	dzun, sted	dzate	sjáște	vír, vara	gjes, gjete, gje …
simple	imperative		orája ɔˈraːja	orávúș ɔˈraːvuːʃ		orávuoș ɔˈraːvuoʃ		orávovú ɔˈraːvɔvuː
indicative	non-past	oráe ɔˈraːɛ	oráva ɔˈraːva	oráș ˈɔraːʃ	orá ˈɔraː	orávuos ɔˈraːvuos	orávuote ɔˈraːvuotɛ	orávú ɔˈraːvuː
past	oráei ɔˈraːei	oráen ɔˈraːɛn	oráeș ɔˈraːɛʃ	oráe ɔˈraːɛ	orájuos ɔˈraːjuos	orájuote ɔˈraːjuotɛ	orájú ɔˈraːjuː
subjunctive	non-past	orávai ɔˈraːvai	orává ɔˈraːvaː	orávaș ɔˈraːvaʃ	oráva ɔˈraːva	orávavuos ɔˈraːvavuos	orávavuote ɔˈraːvavuotɛ	orávavú ɔˈraːvavuː
past	orájai ɔˈraːjai	orájain ɔˈraːjain	orájaiș ɔˈraːjaiʃ	orájai ɔˈraːjai	orájavuos ɔˈraːjavuos	orájavuote ɔˈraːjavuotɛ	orájavú ɔˈraːjavuː
optative	non-past	orávúe ɔˈraːvuːɛ	orávova ɔˈraːvɔva	orávúș ɔˈraːvuːʃ	orávú ɔˈraːvuː	orávovuos ɔˈraːvɔvuos	orávovuote ɔˈraːvɔvuotɛ	orávovú ɔˈraːvɔvuː
past	oráevei ɔˈraːɛvei	oráeven ɔˈraːɛvɛn	oráeveș ɔˈraːɛvɛʃ	oráeve ɔˈraːɛvɛ	oráevuos ɔˈraːɛvuos	oráevuote ɔˈraːɛvuotɛ	oráevú ɔˈraːɛvuː
habitual	indicative	non-past	oráriè ɔˈraːri.ɛ	orárin ɔˈraːrin	oráriș ɔˈraːriʃ	orári ɔˈraːri	orávúris ɔˈraːvuːris	orávúrite ɔˈraːvuːritɛ	orávúri ɔˈraːvuːri
past	oráeriè ɔˈraːɛri.ɛ	oráerin ɔˈraːɛrin	oráeriș ɔˈraːɛriʃ	oráeri ɔˈraːɛri	orájúris ɔˈraːjuːris	orájúrite ɔˈraːjuːritɛ	orájúri ɔˈraːjuːri
subjunctive	non-past	orávariè ɔˈraːvari.ɛ	orávarin ɔˈraːvarin	orávariș ɔˈraːvariʃ	orávari ɔˈraːvari	orávavúris ɔˈraːvavuːris	orávavúrite ɔˈraːvavuːritɛ	orávavúri ɔˈraːvavuːri
past	orájairiè ɔˈraːjairi.ɛ	orájairin ɔˈraːjairin	orájairiș ɔˈraːjairiʃ	orájairi ɔˈraːjairi	orájavúris ɔˈraːjavuːris	orájavúrite ɔˈraːjavuːritɛ	orájavúri ɔˈraːjavuːri
optative	non-past	orávúriè ɔˈraːvuːri.ɛ	orávúrin ɔˈraːvuːrin	orávúriș ɔˈraːvuːriʃ	orávúri ɔˈraːvuːri	orávovúris ɔˈraːvɔvuːris	orávovúrite ɔˈraːvɔvuːritɛ	orávovúri ɔˈraːvɔvuːri
past	oráeveriè ɔˈraːɛvɛri.ɛ	oráeverin ɔˈraːɛvɛrin	oráeveriș ɔˈraːɛvɛriʃ	oráeveri ɔˈraːɛvɛri	oráevúris ɔˈraːɛvuːris	oráevúrite ɔˈraːɛvuːritɛ	oráevúri ɔˈraːɛvuːri

From Middle Radestrian aurátt, from Old Radestrian awrātt, from Proto-Radic *aǧrawaht, from *aǧrahs + *-aht, equivalent to oraiș + -at².

orizír nounanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈɔriziːr

GEN.SG orizí NOM.PL orizíre GEN₂.PL orizies ADJ orizíș

(professional) singer

	singular	plural
nominative	orizír ˈɔriziːr	orizíre ˈɔriziːrɛ
vocative	orizíse ˈɔriziːsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	orizí ˈɔriziː	orizíris ˈɔriziːris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	orizies ˈɔrizies
dative	orizea ˈɔrizæː	orizírín ˈɔriziːriːn
accusative	orizíd ˈɔriziːd	orizírid ˈɔriziːrid
instrumental	orizeúr ɔˈrizɛ.uːr	orizíríe ˈɔriziːriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian aurizzér, from Old Radestrian awrizzēr (singer), from awræzt (to sing) + -ēr, equivalent to orast + -ír.

orste nouninanimatecountable17/09/2026

ˈɔrstɛ

GEN.SG orstisk NOM.PL orstire ADJ orstiș

chemistry ion

	singular	plural
nominative	orste ˈɔrstɛ	orstire ˈɔrstirɛ
vocative	orstise ˈɔrstisɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	orstisk ˈɔrstisk	orstiris ˈɔrstiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	orstis ˈɔrstis
dative	orstin ˈɔrstin	orstirín ˈɔrstiriːn
accusative	orstist ˈɔrstist	orstirid ˈɔrstirid
instrumental	orstivúr ˈɔrstivuːr	orstiríe ˈɔrstiriːɛ

Back-formed from haòrste (cation) and hjáreorste (anion). Doublet of horste (traffic).

orstius nouninanimatecountable17/09/2026

ˈɔrsti.ɤs

GEN.SG orstivu NOM.PL orstiui ADJ orstiviș

chemistry physics plasma

	singular	plural
nominative	orstius ˈɔrsti.ɤs	orstiui ˈɔrsti.ɤi
vocative	orstiuse ɔrˈsti.usɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	orstivu ˈɔrstivu	orstiviris ɔrˈstiviris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	orstivis ˈɔrstivis
dative	orstiva ˈɔrstiva	orstivirín ɔrˈstiviriːn
accusative	orstiud ˈɔrsti.ɤd	orstivirid ɔrˈstivirid
instrumental	orstivúr ˈɔrstivuːr	orstiviríe ɔrˈstiviriːɛ

orste (ion) + -us¹

oruþs nouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈɔrɤθs

GEN.SG orusk DAT.SG oroða NOM.PL orûðe ADJ oroðiș

1.archaic lodestone, magnet

Synonym: orosus

2.compass (navigation device)

	singular	plural
nominative	oruþs ˈɔrɤθs	orûðe ˈɔrɤðɛ
vocative	oruþse ˈɔrɤθsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	orusk ˈɔrɤsk	oroðiris ɔˈrɔðiris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	oroðis ˈɔrɔðis
dative	oroða ˈɔrɔða	oroðirín ɔˈrɔðiriːn
accusative	orust ˈɔrɤst	oroðirid ɔˈrɔðirid
instrumental	oroðúr ˈɔrɔðuːr	oroðiríe ɔˈrɔðiriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian auruþs, from Old Radestrian awroþs, from Proto-Radic *aǧurþs, from *aǧht (to lead) + *ôrþs (stone), equivalent to aut + raoþs.

ostárs nouninanimatecountable31/07/2026

ˈɔstaːrs

GEN.SG ostuorg NOM.PL ostárge ADJ ostuorjeș

botany sprout

	singular	plural
nominative	ostárs ˈɔstaːrs	ostárge ɔsˈtaːrɡɛ
vocative	ostárse ɔsˈtaːrsɛ
genitive	direct (ɢᴇɴ₁)	ostuorg ˈɔstuorɡ	ostárjeris ɔsˈtaːrjɛris
relational (ɢᴇɴ₂)	ostárjes ɔsˈtaːrjɛs
dative	ostárga ɔsˈtaːrɡa	ostárjerín ɔsˈtaːrjɛriːn
accusative	ostárd ˈɔstaːrd	ostárjerid ɔsˈtaːrjɛrid
instrumental	ostárgúr ɔsˈtaːrɡuːr	ostárjeríe ɔsˈtaːrjɛriːɛ

From Middle Radestrian ostárs, from Old Radestrian awstārss, from Proto-Radic *aǧstārhs (sprout), from Proto-Hirdic *ghəstáḡərṯəs, from Proto-Laenkean *gʱa-sta<gar>t-as, from the Proto-Laenkean root *stat- (to grow).

⇤ ← 1 2 → ⇥